In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds from Citrus Pomaces and Orange Pomace Biscuits

The present investigation aimed to provide novel information on the chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds from raw citrus pomaces (mandarin varieties Clemenule and Ortanique and orange varieties Navel and Valencia). The effects of the baking process on their bioaccessibility was also assessed. Samples of pomaces and biscuits containing them as an ingredient were digested, mimicking the human enzymatic oral gastrointestinal digestion process, and the composition of the digests were analyzed. UHPLC-MS/MS results of the citrus pomaces flavonoid composition showed nobiletin, hesperidin/neohesperidin, tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, tetramethylscutellarein, and naringin/narirutin. The analysis of the digests indicated the bioaccessibility of compounds possessing antioxidant [6.6–11.0 mg GAE/g digest, 65.5–97.1 µmol Trolox Equivalents (TE)/g digest, and 135.5–214.8 µmol TE/g digest for total phenol content (TPC), ABTS, and ORAC-FL methods, respectively; significant reduction (p < 0.05) in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation under tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mM)-induced conditions in IEC-6 and CCD-18Co cells when pre-treated with concentrations 5–25 µg/mL of the digests], anti-inflammatory [significant reduction (p < 0.05) in nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages], and antidiabetic (IC50 3.97–11.42 mg/mL and 58.04–105.68 mg/mL for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition capacities) properties in the citrus pomaces under study. In addition, orange pomace biscuits with the nutrition claims “no-added sugars” and “source of fiber”, as well as those with good sensory quality (6.9–6.7, scale 1–9) and potential health promoting properties, were obtained. In conclusion, the results supported the feasibility of citrus pomace as a natural sustainable source of health-promoting compounds such as flavonoids. Unfractionated orange pomace may be employed as a functional food ingredient for reducing the risk of pathophysiological processes linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and carbohydrate metabolism, such as diabetes, among others.

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In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Citrus Pomace Compounds Possessing Health Promoting Properties with Potential to Reduce the Risk of Diabetes

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecn2020-06999 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Adriana Maite Fernández-Fernández ◽

Eduardo Dellacassa ◽

Tiziana Nardin ◽

Roberto Larcher ◽

Adriana Gámbaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Digestion ◽

No Production ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Functional Ingredient ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Orange Pomace ◽

By Products

Citrus (mandarin and orange) pomace is an agro-food industrial waste rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber with great potential as a functional ingredient. In this work, the chemical composition and in vitro bioaccessibility of health-promoting compounds present in raw citrus pomaces (Clemenule and Ortanique mandarins and Navel and Valencia oranges) were studied. In addition, the by-products were employed as food ingredients in cookies and the effect of the food matrix on the bioaccessibility of their bioactive compounds was evaluated. Nobiletin, hesperidin/neohesperidin, tangeretin, heptamethoxyflavone, tetramethylscutellarein, and naringin/narirutin were detected in the citrus samples by UHPLC-MS. Citrus pomaces were in vitro digested mimicking the human oral gastrointestinal conditions and the bioactivity of the digests (antioxidant, carbohydrases modulation, and anti-inflammatory effects) was assessed. The bioaccessibility of the antioxidants in the by-products was confirmed by Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) (6.6–11.0 mg GAE/g digest), ABTS (65.5–97.1 µmol TE/g digest), ORAC-FL assays (135.5–214.8 µmol TE/g digest), and inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation induced by treatment with tert-butyl hydroperoxide 1 mM in intestinal IEC-6 (19–45%) and CCD-18Co (28–45%) cells pretreated with the digests at concentrations ranging between 5 and 25 µg/mL. Inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase (IC50 3.97–11.42 mg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 58.04–105.68 mg/mL) also remained bioaccessible after in vitro digestion of citrus pomaces. In addition, the bioaccessible compounds in orange pomace samples significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages. The digests of orange pomace cookies with the nutrition claims “no-added sugars” and “source of fiber” presented antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties, and good sensory quality (6.9–6.7 on a scale of 1 to 9). The results obtained support the feasibility of unfractionated orange pomace as a functional ingredient for reducing the risk of diabetes. The health-promoting benefits observed in the present research might be, at least partially, associated with flavonoids.

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Bioactive Compounds and Bioactivities of Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Sprouts and Microgreens: An Updated Overview from a Nutraceutical Perspective

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9080946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 946 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thanh Ninh Le ◽

Chiu-Hsia Chiu ◽

Pao-Chuan Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Biological Properties ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Potential Health ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

Sprouts and microgreens, the edible seedlings of vegetables and herbs, have received increasing attention in recent years and are considered as functional foods or superfoods owing to their valuable health-promoting properties. In particular, the seedlings of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) have been highly prized for their substantial amount of bioactive constituents, including glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and essential minerals. These secondary metabolites are positively associated with potential health benefits. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that broccoli seedlings possess various biological properties, including antioxidant, anticancer, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antidiabetic activities. The present review summarizes the updated knowledge about bioactive compounds and bioactivities of these broccoli products and discusses the relevant mechanisms of action. This review will serve as a potential reference for food selections of consumers and applications in functional food and nutraceutical industries.

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The Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Blueberry and Blackcurrant Powder on Oat Bran Pastes: Enhancing In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Raw264.7 Macrophages

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 388

Author(s):

Xiao Dan Hui ◽

Gang Wu ◽

Duo Han ◽

Xi Gong ◽

Xi Yang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Oat Bran

In this study, blueberry and blackcurrant powder were chosen as the phenolic-rich enrichments for oat bran. A Rapid Visco Analyser was used to form blueberry and blackcurrant enriched oat pastes. An in vitro digestion process evaluated the changes of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant potential of extracts of pastes. The anthocyanidin profiles in the extracts were characterised by the pH differential method. The results showed that blueberry and blackcurrant powder significantly increased the content of phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant capacity of pastes, while the total flavonoid content decreased after digestion compared to the undigested samples. Strong correlations between these bioactive compounds and antioxidant values were observed. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were used to investigate the intracellular antioxidant activity of the extracts from the digested oat bran paste with 25% enrichment of blueberry or blackcurrant powder. The results indicated that the extracts of digested pastes prevented the macrophages from experiencing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, mainly by the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. These findings suggest that the bioactive ingredients from blueberry and blackcurrant powder enhanced the in vitro and intracellular antioxidant capacity of oat bran pastes, and these enriched pastes have the potential to be utilised in the development of the functional foods.

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Potential Health Benefits Of A Pomegranate Extract, Rich In Phenolic Compounds, In Intestinal Inflammation

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401317666210222103032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Raffaele ◽

Khaled Greish ◽

Luca Vanella ◽

Giuseppe Carota ◽

Fatemah Bahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Potential Health

Background: Pomegranate is a fruit rich in bioactive compounds such as punicalagins, gallic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives. It has been widely used since ancient times in traditional medicine for a wide variety of diseases. It has been reported that bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, are able to induce the expression of cytoprotective enzymes, including HO-1. The contribution of HO-1 activity to the prevention of intestinal inﬂammation has been shown in different models of Inﬂammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Objective: Aim of the present research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of a pomegranate extract (PE), rich in bioactive compounds in intestinal inflammation. Methods: Caco-2 cells exposed to LPS and DSS induced colitis were chosen as convenient experimental models of intestinal inflammation. Results: Results obtained in our experimental conditions, showed that PE in vitro was able to induce HO-1 and to reduce cellular damage and oxidative stress through increase of GSH levels. Moreover, PE was able to decrease the pro-inflammatory marker IL-8 levels and to activate TIGAR pathway. The results obtained in vivo, in agreement with the data obtained in vitro, highlighted the ability of PE to reduce intestinal inflammation, preserve the colon length and histological features and reduce IL-6 levels compared to the DSS treated group. Conclusion: PE, rich in bioactive compounds, could contribute, as supportive therapy, to enhance the effects of the conventional therapeutic strategies to the management of IBD.

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Assessment of the glycaemic index, content of bioactive compounds, and their in vitro bioaccessibility in oat-buckwheat breads

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127199 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 330 ◽

pp. 127199

Author(s):

Natalia Bączek ◽

Anna Jarmułowicz ◽

Małgorzata Wronkowska ◽

Claudia Monika Haros

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility

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Effect of different drying methods on total bioactive compounds, phenolic profile, in vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic and HMF formation of persimmon

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108830 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 108830 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Selma Kayacan ◽

Salih Karasu ◽

Perihan Kübra Akman ◽

Hamza Goktas ◽

Ibrahim Doymaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Phenolic Profile ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility

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Quality of New Functional Powdered Beverages Enriched with Lyophilized Fruits—Potentially Bioaccessible Antioxidant Properties, Nutritional Value, and Consumer Analysis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10113668 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3668 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Justyna Bochnak-Niedźwiecka ◽

Michał Świeca

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Reducing Power ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽

Trolox Equivalent ◽

Health Promoting

This study evaluates nutrients and health-promoting compounds responsible for antioxidant capacity in eight novel formulations based on lyophilized fruit and vegetable powders. The composition contained lyophilized carrot, pumpkin, lentil sprouts, raspberry, strawberry, and apple. The effect of functional additives on the antioxidant, nutritional, and functional characteristics of powdered beverages was determined in the powders and after rehydration followed by in vitro digestion. The antioxidant activity, phenols, vitamin C, and reducing power were significantly higher in the powders enriched with additives having potential functional properties. Furthermore, the analyses indicated that all the powdered formulations may be potential sources of total starch (100–112 mg/100 mL) and proteins (125–139 mg/100 mL). The designed powdered beverages after reconstitution exhibited high antioxidant content, reasonable consumer acceptance, and good in vitro bioaccessibility. The best results of antioxidant capacity were obtained for beverages enriched with raspberry, i.e., 10.4 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 mL and 12.1 mg TE/100 mL rehydrated at 20 °C and 80 °C, respectively. Additionally, color characteristics were used as indicators of the quality of the powdered beverages. This research promotes the reduction of food waste, since whole plant tissues are used, thus allowing maximum exploitation of food raw materials; moreover, drying provides stable shelf life.

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Trace Metals in Saharan Dust: The Use of in Vitro Bioaccessibility Extractions To Assess Potential Health Risks in a Dustier World

ACS Symposium Series - Occurrence, Fate and Impact of Atmospheric Pollutants on Environmental and Human Health ◽

10.1021/bk-2013-1149.ch003 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 41-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suzette A. Morman ◽

Virginia H. Garrison ◽

Geoffrey S. Plumlee

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Health Risks ◽

Saharan Dust ◽

Potential Health ◽

In Vitro Bioaccessibility

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Potential Health Benefits of Ropy Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25143293 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 3293 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tülin Yılmaz ◽

Ömer Şimşek

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Immune Modulation ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Fermentation Medium ◽

Potential Health ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Medium Level ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

Health Promoting

The ability of Lactobacillus plantarum to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) of various structures and properties is effective in showing both starter and probiotic culture qualification. In this study, the potential health promoting functions of the ropy EPS produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from tarhana were tested. A stimulation of the pro-inflammatory IL-12 and TNF-α cytokines was observed in the presence of the ropy EPS suggesting an in vitro immune modulation. Similarly, the tested EPS demonstrated promoted the growth of the probiotic strains in fermentation medium. A medium level of radical scavenging activities of ropy EPS was observed whereas the superoxide and hydroxyl scavenging activities were more effective. The ropy EPS also showed α-glucosidase inhibition and cholesterol removal characteristics depending on their concentration. These findings revealed the potential health-promoting functions of ropy EPS from L. plantarum strains and EPS from L. plantarum PFC311 and PFC310 strains demonstrated multiple health-improving effects that can be further evaluated in food and other industries.

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