Composition and Conformation of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocyst Wall Surface Macromolecules and Their Effect on Adhesion Kinetics of Oocysts on Quartz Surface

ABSTRACT Resistance to and control of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in mice in the absence of adaptive immunity appears to be gamma interferon (IFN-γ) dependent. Using an IFN-γ-neutralizing antibody in a murine model, we demonstrated increased susceptibility to infection within 24 h. We correlated this early resistance and control with increased mucosal expression of IFN-γ and demonstrate that CD8+ T-cell receptor αβ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes express and secrete this cytokine shortly after infection. The rapid kinetics of IFN-γ expression and secretion by naive CD8+ T cells in response to a protozoan pathogen have not previously been demonstrated.

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Silver Nanoparticles Decrease the Viability of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02806-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 431-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Pamela Cameron ◽

Birgit K. Gaiser ◽

Bidha Bhandari ◽

Paul M. Bartley ◽

Frank Katzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Silver Ions ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Oocyst Wall ◽

Content Type ◽

Chlorine Disinfection ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTOocysts of the waterborne protozoan parasiteCryptosporidium parvumare highly resistant to chlorine disinfection. We show here that both silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver ions significantly decrease oocyst viability, in a dose-dependent manner, between concentrations of 0.005 and 500 μg/ml, as assessed by an excystation assay and the shell/sporozoite ratio. For percent excystation, the results are statistically significant for 500 μg/ml of AgNPs, with reductions from 83% for the control to 33% with AgNPs. For Ag ions, the results were statistically significant at 500 and 5,000 μg/ml, but the percent excystation values were reduced only to 66 and 62%, respectively, from 86% for the control. The sporozoite/shell ratio was affected to a greater extent following AgNP exposure, presumably because sporozoites are destroyed by interaction with NPs. We also demonstrated via hyperspectral imaging that there is a dual mode of interaction, with Ag ions entering the oocyst and destroying the sporozoites while AgNPs interact with the cell wall and, at high concentrations, are able to fully break the oocyst wall.

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Determination of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a ribosomal RNA-directed probe

Journal of Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2672.2004.02150.x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 409-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

J.J. Smith ◽

T.S. Gunasekera ◽

C.R.M. Barardi ◽

D. Veal ◽

G. Vesey

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst

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Short communication: Effect of pomegranate-residue supplement on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shedding in neonatal calves

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2013-7136 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 97 (9) ◽

pp. 5800-5805 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Weyl-Feinstein ◽

A. Markovics ◽

H. Eitam ◽

A. Orlov ◽

M. Yishay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Short Communication ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst ◽

Neonatal Calves ◽

Communication Effect

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Development and application of a quantitative, specific assay for Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst detection in high-turbidity environmental water samples.

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.1.11504397 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Y M Lee ◽

D Bergmire-Sweat ◽

L Mitchell ◽

P Reeh ◽

K K Grady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Water Samples ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Environmental Water Samples ◽

Specific Assay ◽

High Turbidity ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst

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Characterization and immunolocalization of an oocyst wall antigen ofCryptosporidium parvum(Protozoa: Apicomplexa)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000059448 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 103 (2) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A. Bonnin ◽

J. F. Dubremetz ◽

P. Camerlynck

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽

Periodate Oxidation ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Minor Components ◽

Oocyst Wall ◽

Gold Particles ◽

Electron Lucent

A monoclonal antibody (OW-IGO) raised against purified excysted oocysts ofCryptosporidium parvumreacted in an immunofluorescence assay with the oocyst wall. The corresponding antigen was localized by immunoelectron microscopy in fibrillous material present in the parasitophorous vacuole of developing macrogametes and in the wall of both single and double layered sporulating oocysts. Gold particles were also detected over electron-lucent vesicles of the macrogametes by immunoelectron microscopy. On Western blotting ofC. parvumoocyst extracts, major bands at 250 and 40 kDa and several minor components were recognized by Mab OW-IGO. Almost complete abolition of Western blot reactivity occurred after periodate oxidation of oocyst antigen, suggesting that monoclonal antibody OW-IGO reacts with a carbohydrate epitope. Taken together, our results suggest that a fibrillous glycoproteinic material is released in the parasitophorous vacuole from electron-lucent vesicles during gametogenesis, and later condensed in the oocyst wall.

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