Polychlorinated Naphthalene Levels, Distribution, and Biomagnification in a Benthic Food Chain in the Baltic Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (23) ◽  
pp. 5005-5013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Lundgren ◽  
Mats Tysklind ◽  
Rasha Ishaq ◽  
Dag Broman ◽  
Bert van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Polychlorinated Naphthalene ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals TRANSFER OF RADIOCAESIUM FROM CONTAMINATED BOTTOM SEDIMENTS TO MARINE ORGANISMS THROUGH BENTHIC FOOD CHAIN IN POST-FUKUSHIMA AND POST-CHERNOBYL PERIODS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Bezhenar ◽  
Kyung Tae Jung ◽  
Vladimir Maderich ◽  
Stefan Willemsen ◽  
Govert de With ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Deposit Feeding

Abstract. After the earthquake and tsunami on 11 March, 2011 damaged the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), an accidental release of a large amount of radioactive isotopes into both the air and the ocean occurred. Measurements provided by the Japanese agencies over the past four years show that elevated concentrations of 137Cs still remain in sediments, benthic organisms and demersal fishes in the coastal zone around the FDNPP. These observations indicate that there are 137Cs transfer pathways from bottom sediments to the marine organisms. To describe the transfer quantitatively, the dynamic food chain model BURN has been extended to include benthic marine organisms. The extended model takes into account both pelagic and benthic marine organisms grouped into several classes based on their trophic level and type of species: phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fishes (two types: piscivorous and non-piscivorous) for the pelagic food chain; deposit feeding invertebrates, demersal fishes feeding by benthic invertebrates and bottom omnivorous predators for the benthic food chain; crustaceans, molluscs and coastal predators feeding on both pelagic and benthic organisms. Bottom invertebrates ingest organic parts of bottom sediments with adsorbed radionuclides which then migrate up through the food chain. All organisms take radionuclides directly from water as well as food. The model was implemented into the compartment model POSEIDON-R and applied to the Northwestern Pacific for the period of 1945–2010 and then for the period of 2011–2020 to assess the radiological consequences of releases of 137Cs due to FDNPP accident. The model simulations for activity concentrations of 137Cs in both pelagic and benthic organisms in the coastal area around the FDNPP agree well with measurements for the period of 2011–2015. The decrease constant in the fitted exponential function of simulated concentration for the deposit ingesting invertebrates (0.45 y–1) is close to the decrease constant for the sediment observations (0.44 y–1), indicating that the gradual decrease of activity in the demersal fish (decrease constant is 0.46 y–1) was caused by the transfer of activity from organic matter deposited in bottom sediment through the deposit feeding invertebrates. The estimated from model transfer coefficient from bulk sediment to demersal fish in the model for 2012–2020 (0.13) is larger than that to the deposit feeding invertebrates (0.07) due to the biomagnification effect. In addition, the transfer of 137Cs through food webs for the period of 1945–2020 has been modelled for the Baltic Sea that was essentially contaminated due to global fallout and the Chernobyl accident. The model simulation results obtained with generic parameters are also in good agreement with available measurements in the Baltic Sea. Due to weak water exchange with the North Sea of the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea the chain of water-sediments- biota slowly evolves into a quasi-equilibrium state unlike the processes off the open Pacific Ocean coast where the FDNPP is located. Obtained results demonstrate the importance of the benthic food chain in the long-term transfer of 137Cs from contaminated bottom sediments to marine organisms and the potential of a generic model for the use in different regions of the World Ocean.

scholarly journals Is there a BMAA transfer in the pelagic and benthic food webs in the Baltic Sea?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda Zguna ◽  
Agnes Karlson ◽  
Leopold L. Ilag ◽  
Andrius Garbaras ◽  
Elena Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
Benthic Food Webs ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Analytical Approaches

AbstractThe evidence regarding BMAA occurrence in the Baltic Sea is contradictory, with benthic sources appearing to be more important than pelagic ones. The latter is counterintuitive considering that pelagic primary producers, such as diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria, are the only plausible source of this compound in the food webs. To elucidate BMAA distribution in trophic pathways, we analyzed BMAA in the pelagic and benthic food webs sampled in summer 2010 in the Northern Baltic Proper. As potential BMAA sources, phytoplankton communities in early and late summer were used. As pelagic consumers, zooplankton, mysids and zooplanktivorous fish (herring) were used, whereas benthic invertebrates (amphipods, priapulids, polychaetes, and clams) and benthivorous fish (perch and flounder) represented the benthic food chain. To establish the trophic structure of the system, the stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) composition of its components was determined. Contrary to the reported ubiquitous occurrence of BMAA in the Baltic food webs, only phytoplankton and lower consumers (zooplankton and mysids) of the pelagic food chain tested positive. Given that our analytical approaches were adequate, we conclude that no measurable levels of this compound occurred in the benthic invertebrates and any of the tested fish species in the study area. These findings indicate that widely assumed presence and transfer of BMAA to the top consumers in the food webs of the Baltic Sea and, possibly, other systems remain an open question. More controlled experiments and field observations are needed to understand the transfer and possible transformation of BMAA in the food web under various environmental settings.

scholarly journals Transfer of radiocaesium from contaminated bottom sediments to marine organisms through benthic food chains in post-Fukushima and post-Chernobyl periods

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3021-3034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Bezhenar ◽  
Kyung Tae Jung ◽  
Vladimir Maderich ◽  
Stefan Willemsen ◽  
Govert de With ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Deposit Feeding

Abstract. After the earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011 damaged the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), an accidental release of a large amount of radioactive isotopes into both the air and the ocean occurred. Measurements provided by the Japanese agencies over the past 5 years show that elevated concentrations of 137Cs still remain in sediments, benthic organisms, and demersal fishes in the coastal zone around the FDNPP. These observations indicate that there are 137Cs transfer pathways from bottom sediments to the marine organisms. To describe the transfer quantitatively, the dynamic food chain biological uptake model of radionuclides (BURN) has been extended to include benthic marine organisms. The extended model takes into account both pelagic and benthic marine organisms grouped into several classes based on their trophic level and type of species: phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fishes (two types: piscivorous and non-piscivorous) for the pelagic food chain; deposit-feeding invertebrates, demersal fishes fed by benthic invertebrates, and bottom omnivorous predators for the benthic food chain; crustaceans, mollusks, and coastal predators feeding on both pelagic and benthic organisms. Bottom invertebrates ingest organic parts of bottom sediments with adsorbed radionuclides which then migrate up through the food chain. All organisms take radionuclides directly from water as well as food. The model was implemented into the compartment model POSEIDON-R and applied to the north-western Pacific for the period of 1945–2010, and then for the period of 2011–2020 to assess the radiological consequences of 137Cs released due to the FDNPP accident. The model simulations for activity concentrations of 137Cs in both pelagic and benthic organisms in the coastal area around the FDNPP agree well with measurements for the period of 2011–2015. The decrease constant in the fitted exponential function of simulated concentration for the deposit-feeding invertebrates (0.45 yr−1) is close to the observed decrease constant in sediments (0.44 yr−1). These results strongly indicate that the gradual decrease of activity in demersal fish (decrease constant is 0.46 yr−1) is caused by the transfer of activity from organic matter deposited in bottom sediment through the deposit-feeding invertebrates. The estimated model transfer coefficient from bulk sediment to demersal fish in the model for 2012–2020 (0.13) is larger than that to the deposit-feeding invertebrates (0.07). In addition, the transfer of 137Cs through food webs for the period of 1945–2020 has been modelled for the Baltic Sea contaminated due to global fallout and from the Chernobyl accident. The model simulation results obtained with generic parameters are also in good agreement with available measurements in the Baltic Sea. Unlike the open coastal system where the FDNPP is located, the dynamics of radionuclide transfer in the Baltic Sea reach a quasi-steady state due to the slow rate in water mass exchange in this semi-enclosed basin. Obtained results indicate a substantial contribution of the benthic food chain in the long-term transfer of 137Cs from contaminated bottom sediments to marine organisms and the potential application of a generic model in different regions of the world's oceans.

Trophodynamics of mercury and other trace elements in a pelagic food chain from the Baltic Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 407 (24) ◽  
pp. 6267-6274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Nfon ◽  
Ian T. Cousins ◽  
Olli Järvinen ◽  
Arun B. Mukherjee ◽  
Matti Verta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Insufficient evidence for BMAA transfer in the pelagic and benthic food webs in the Baltic Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda Zguna ◽  
Agnes M. L. Karlson ◽  
Leopold L. Ilag ◽  
Andrius Garbaras ◽  
Elena Gorokhova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
Benthic Food Webs ◽  
The Baltic

Temporal and spatial sedimentation rate variabilities in the eastern Gotland Basin, the Baltic Sea

Boreas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Christiansen ◽  
Helmar Kunzendorf ◽  
Kay-Christian Emeis ◽  
Rudolf Endler ◽  
Ulrich Struck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gotland Basin ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Baltic

Russian Oil: Production and Exports

2003 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
K. Liuhto
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
The Baltic

Statistical data on reserves, production and exports of Russian oil are provided in the article. The author pays special attention to the expansion of opportunities of sea oil transportation by construction of new oil terminals in the North-West of the country and first of all the largest terminal in Murmansk. In his opinion, one of the main problems in this sphere is prevention of ecological accidents in the process of oil transportation through the Baltic sea ports.

Paleoecological study of bottom sediments of the lake Goluboye (Karelian Isthmus) according to the results of diatom analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Angelina E. Shatalova ◽  
Uriy A. Kublitsky ◽  
Dmitry A. Subetto ◽  
Anna V. Ludikova ◽  
Alar Rosentau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Baltic

The study of paleogeography of lakes is an actual and important direction in modern science. As part of the study of lakes in the North-West of the Karelian Isthmus, this analysis will establish the dynamics of salinity of objects, which will allow to reconstruct changes in the level of the Baltic Sea in the Holocene.

Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III)

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Leśniewska ◽  
Małgorzata Witak
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Changes

Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III)The palaeoenvironmental changes of the south-western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk during the last 8,000 years, with reference to the stages of the Baltic Sea, were reconstructed. Diatom analyses of two cores taken from the shallower and deeper parts of the basin enabled the conclusion to be drawn that the microflora studied developed in the three Baltic phases: Mastogloia, Littorina and Post-Littorina. Moreover, the so-called anthropogenic assemblage was observed in subbottom sediments of the study area.

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