Exact Solution for the Kinetic Equations of First Order Reversible Reaction Systems through Flow Graph Theory Approach

Using a fluidized bed reactor, experiments on glucose decomposition with and without sulfate reduction were conducted. Glucose in the reactor was mainly decomposed into lactate and ethanol. Lactate was mainly decomposed into propionate and acetate, while ethanol was decomposed into propionate, acetate, and hydrogen. Sulfate reduction was not involved in the decomposition of glucose, lactate, and ethanol, but was related to propionate and acetate decomposition. The stepwise reactions were modeled using either a Monod expression or first order reaction kinetics in respect to the reactions. The coefficients of the kinetic equations were determined experimentally. The modified Monod and first order reaction equations were effective at predicting concentrations of glucose, lactate, ethanol, propionate, acetate, and sulfate along the beight of the reactor. With sulfate reduction, propionate was decomposed into acetate, while without sulfate reduction, accumulation of propionate was observed in the reactor. Sulfate reduction accelerated propionate conversion into acetate by decreasing the hydrogen concentration.

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Fast Finite-Time Consensus Tracking of First-Order Multi-Agent Systems with a Virtual Leader

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.552 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 596 ◽

pp. 552-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Qiu Yun Xiao ◽

Zhi Hai Wu ◽

Li Peng

Keyword(s):

Graph Theory ◽

Finite Time ◽

Function Method ◽

Multi Agent Systems ◽

Agent Systems ◽

First Order ◽

Consensus Tracking ◽

Lyapunov Function Method ◽

Multi Agent ◽

Virtual Leader

This paper proposes a novel finite-time consensus tracking protocol for guaranteeing first-order multi-agent systems with a virtual leader to achieve the fast finite-time consensus tracking. The Lyapunov function method, algebra graph theory, homogeneity with dilation and some other techniques are employed to prove that first-order multi-agent systems with a virtual leader applying the proposed protocol can reach the finite-time consensus tracking. Furthermore, theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that compared with the traditional finite-time consensus tracking protocols, the proposed protocol can accelerate the convergence speed of achieving the finite-time consensus tracking.

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Vulnerability Assessment of a Large Electrical Grid by New Graph Theory Approach

IEEE Latin America Transactions ◽

10.1109/tla.2018.8327409 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. BEYZA ◽

J. M. Yusta ◽

G. J. Correa ◽

H. F. Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Graph Theory ◽

Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Electrical Grid

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Exploring the full catalytic cycle of rhodium(i)–BINAP-catalysed isomerisation of allylic amines: a graph theory approach for path optimisation

Chemical Science ◽

10.1039/c7sc00401j ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 4475-4488 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Takayoshi Yoshimura ◽

Satoshi Maeda ◽

Tetsuya Taketsugu ◽

Masaya Sawamura ◽

Keiji Morokuma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graph Theory ◽

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Catalytic Cycle ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Allylic Amines ◽

Reaction Route ◽

Reaction Method ◽

Mapping Strategy ◽

Global Reaction ◽

Induced Reaction

The reaction mechanism of the cationic rhodium(i)–BINAP complex catalysed isomerisation of allylic amines was explored using the artificial force induced reaction method with the global reaction route mapping strategy.

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Conserving woodland caribou habitat while maintaining timber yield: a graph theory approach

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2015-0431 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 914-923 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jonathan L.W. Ruppert ◽

Marie-Josée Fortin ◽

Eldon A. Gunn ◽

David L. Martell

Keyword(s):

Graph Theory ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

High Volume ◽

Timber Harvesting ◽

Optimization Approach ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Heuristic Procedure ◽

Woodland Caribou ◽

Old Growth ◽

Old Growth Forest

The fragmentation and loss of old-growth forest has led to the decline of many forest-dwelling species that depend on old-growth forest as habitat. Emblematic of this issue in many areas of the managed boreal forest in Canada is the threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)). We develop a methodology to help determine when and how timber can be harvested to best satisfy both industrial timber supply and woodland caribou habitat requirements. To start, we use least-cost paths based on graph theory to determine the configuration of woodland caribou preferred habitat patches. We then developed a heuristic procedure to schedule timber harvesting based on a trade-off between merchantable wood volume and the remaining amount of habitat and its connectivity during a planning cycle. Our heuristic can attain 84% of the potential woodland caribou habitat that would be available in the absence of harvesting at the end of a 100 year planning horizon. Interestingly, this is more than that which is attained by the current plan (50%) and a harvesting plan that targets high volume stands (32%). Our results indicate that our heuristic procedure (i.e., an ecologically tuned optimization approach) may better direct industrial activities to improve old-growth habitat while maintaining specified timber production levels.

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Kinetic Modelling of Biodegradability Data of Commercial Polymers Obtained under Aerobic Composting Conditions

Eng ◽

10.3390/eng2010005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 54-68

Author(s):

Ilenia Rossetti ◽

Francesco Conte ◽

Gianguido Ramis

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Data ◽

Kinetic Modelling ◽

Kinetic Equations ◽

Second Order ◽

Aerobic Biodegradation ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Kinetics ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Partial Degradation ◽

Commercial Polymers

Methods to treat kinetic data for the biodegradation of different plastic materials are comparatively discussed. Different samples of commercial formulates were tested for aerobic biodegradation in compost, following the standard ISO14855. Starting from the raw data, the conversion vs. time entries were elaborated using relatively simple kinetic models, such as integrated kinetic equations of zero, first and second order, through the Wilkinson model, or using a Michaelis Menten approach, which was previously reported in the literature. The results were validated against the experimental data and allowed for computation of the time for half degradation of the substrate and, by extrapolation, estimation of the final biodegradation time for all the materials tested. In particular, the Michaelis Menten approach fails in describing all the reported kinetics as well the zeroth- and second-order kinetics. The biodegradation pattern of one sample was described in detail through a simple first-order kinetics. By contrast, other substrates followed a more complex pathway, with rapid partial degradation, subsequently slowing. Therefore, a more conservative kinetic interpolation was needed. The different possible patterns are discussed, with a guide to the application of the most suitable kinetic model.

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