STUDY OF PURUSH SIDDHANT WITH SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

The word “Purush" in its most social sense means man but in the aspect of Ayurveda, the term purush is repre- sented as atma or chetana dhatu (chetana-life and dhatu-element). The concept of the existence of atman (soul) is generally not accepted by modern science. According to Indian philosophy, the ultimate truth or absolute soul is one and he is Chetana (Sarvam Khalu Idam Brahm). Treatment of Panchmahabhut Sharir with presence of purush is known as Chikitsya Purush. Purush is supreme soul, pure conscious, unchanging, immortal neither birth nor death. It is essential for the creation of the universe and the living world. In the presence of purush gains knowledge through the mind. All the actions through karmendriyas, desire, pleasure, pain, life and death are per- formed. The purush (Kshetrajy) is lord of the house (Kshetra). The role of Purush in Srusti is laya & parlay which is the same as catalyst’s work in a reversible reaction. Keywords: Purush, Types, Karma Chikitsa, Chaturvinshatika, Rashi, Punarjanma

Interfacial Design of Mixed Matrix Membranes via Grafting PVA on UiO-66-NH2 to Enhance the Gas Separation Performance

In this study, defect-free facilitated transport mixed matrix membrane (MMM) with high loading amount of UiO-66-NH2 nanoparticles as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) was fabricated. The MOFs were covalently bonded with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to incorporate into a poly (vinyl amine) (PVAm) matrix solution. A uniform UiO-66-NH2 dispersion up to 55 wt.% was observed without precipitation and agglomeration after one month. This can be attributed to the high covalent interaction at interfaces of UiO-66-NH2 and PVAm, which was provided by PVA as a functionalized organic linker. The CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 and selectivity were significantly enhanced for the fabricated MMM by using optimal fabrication parameters. This improvement in gas performance is due to the strong impact of solubility and decreasing diffusion in obtained dense membrane to promote CO2 transport with a bicarbonate reversible reaction. Therefore, the highest amount of amine functional groups of PVAm among all polymers, plus the abundant amount of amines from UiO-66-NH2, facilitated the preferential CO2 permeation through the bicarbonate reversible reaction between CO2 and –NH2 in humidified conditions. XRD and FTIR were employed to study the MMM chemical structure and polymers–MOF particle interactions. Cross-sectional and surface morphology of the MMM was observed by SEM-EDX and 3D optical profilometer to detect the dispersion of MOFs into the polymer matrix and explore their interfacial morphology. This approach can be extended for a variety of polymer–filler interfacial designs for gas separation applications.

Importance of reversible reaction for the synthesis of telechelic polymer by means of polycondensation using an excess of one monomer

We show that reversible polycondensation through alkoxide-catalyzed ester-ester exchange reaction is an effective strategy for the synthesis of telechelic polymers free from contamination with cyclic polymer in the polycondensation of...

Contribution of the Reactive Separation Process to Methanol Recovery and Biodiesel Characteristics

The chemical reaction that occurs in the biodiesel processing is a type of reversible reaction between oil and methanol. Therefore, to increase the conversion of the reaction, the amount of methanol used is more than the stoichiometric equilibrium. The excess methanol is often difficult to recover after washing biodiesel. Determine of the contribution of the reactive separation process to methanol recovery and biodiesel characteristics are the focus of this study. The transesterification reaction process is carried out in reactive separation equipment, using palm oil as raw material, NaOH, and super base CaO as the catalyst. The results showed that the reactive separation process could recover methanol as much as 55.88% for the reaction process using a NaOH catalyst, and 52.94% for the reaction process using a super base CaO catalyst. The biodiesel characteristics produced to meet the criteria set out in the Indonesian National Standard.

Development of a Hybrid First Principles-ANN Model for the Steam Hydrator in a Calcium Looping Process

One of the promising technologies for isolating carbon dioxide from a mixture of industrial flue gases is the calcium looping process. This process involves a reversible reaction between sorbent Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide. Because sorbent loses its activity after multiple cycles, hydration step was proposed, which is another reversible reaction where deactivated sorbent is treated with steam to form Ca(OH)2, which undergoes the backward reaction to give back the regenerated sorbent. Blamey et al. (2016) developed a shrinking core model based on which, studies were carried out on a small experimental reactor. This paper aims at developing a hybrid model by combining [1] first principles model and an ANN model for improved prediction of the conversion in hydration of calcium looping process and to scale it up for optimal operations. The hybrid model is tested for various combinations of training variables and data sets with respect to temperature and cycle number and it is found that the hybrid model indeed gives better results. The performance prediction of Hybrid modelling is compared to the individual performance prediction of the ANN model and First principles approach