Dielectric Constants: Ethanol—Diethyl Ether and Urea—Water Solutions between 0 and 50°

1933 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 4116-4121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffries Wyman
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Water Solutions

Dielectric Constants for Binary Amino Acid−Water Solutions from (278.15 to 313.15) K

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelei Zhuo ◽  
Yujuan Chen ◽  
Lei Kang ◽  
Sijiao Xu ◽  
Jianji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Water Solutions

SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE PROTON RESONANCE SPECTRA OF THE DICHLORO- AND DIBROMO-ETHYLENES: REACTION FIELD EFFECTS IN ALIPHATIC SOLVENTS AND SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS IN AROMATIC SOLVENTS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 3034-3041 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hruska ◽  
E. Bock ◽  
T. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Proton Resonance ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Reaction Field ◽  
Aromatic Solvents ◽  
Triple Bonds ◽  
Induced Dipole ◽  
Cis And Trans

The proton resonance shifts relative to internal cyclohexane and tetramethylsilane of cis and trans dichloro- and dibromo-ethylenes were measured in dioxane–water solutions, aliphatic solvents, and aromatic solvents. The dielectric constants of the dioxane–water solutions could be smoothly varied between 2 and 10 and, by taking Δ = cis–trans shifts as containing only the dipolar reaction field effect, the data for these solutions were treated as a test of the Buckingham reaction field equation. Linear plots were obtained and reasonable values of the coefficients of the E term confirmed the usefulness of this equation. An equation based on a nonspherical cavity was also used. It was also shown that quadrupolar reaction fields affected the proton shifts. Sizeable deviations from the dioxane–water standards were found for halogenated aliphatic solvents and those containing double or triple bonds. These deviations are interpreted in terms of the shape of the solute molecules and dispersion and anisotropic interactions. The much larger deviations found for aromatic solvents are harder to rationalize but specific interactions were found for both cis and trans forms, indicating an inadequacy in a simple dipole-induced dipole model.

Physical studies of egg phosphatidylcholine in diethyl ether-water solutions

Biochemistry ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4928-4936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pak H. Poon ◽  
Michael A. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Water Solutions

Dielectric Constants for Binary Saccharide-Water Solutions at 278.15-313.15 K

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHEN Yu-Juan ◽  
◽  
◽  
ZHUO Ke-Lei ◽  
KANG Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Water Solutions

Electron microscopy studies of PZT ferroelectric film capacitor structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1364-1365
Author(s):  
V. Kaushik ◽  
P. Maniar ◽  
J. Olowolafe ◽  
R. Jones ◽  
A. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Dielectric Films ◽  
Lead Zirconium Titanate ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Film Capacitor ◽  
Pzt Films ◽  
High Dielectric

Lead zirconium titanate films (Pb (Zr,Ti) O3 or PZT) are being considered for potential application as dielectric films in memory technology due to their high dielectric constants. PZT is a ferroelectric material which shows spontaneous polarizability, reversible under applied electric fields. We report herein some results of TEM studies on thin film capacitor structures containing PZT films with platinum-titanium electrodes.The wafers had a stacked structure consisting of PZT/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate as shown in Figure 1. Platinum acts as electrode material and titanium is used to overcome the problem of platinum adhesion to the oxide layer. The PZT (0/20/80) films were deposited using a sol-gel method and the structure was annealed at 650°C and 800°C for 30 min in an oxygen ambient. XTEM imaging was done at 200KV with the electron beam parallel to <110> zone axis of silicon.Figure 2 shows the PZT and Pt layers only, since the structure had a tendency to peel off at the Ti-Pt interface during TEM sample preparation.

The need of electron microscopy in the study of domains and domain walls in ferroelectrics

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Wenwu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Polarization Vector ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Nonlocal Coupling ◽  
Cubic Symmetry ◽  
Gradient Energy

Domain structures play a key role in determining the physical properties of ferroelectric materials. The formation of these ferroelectric domains and domain walls are determined by the intrinsic nonlinearity and the nonlocal coupling of the polarization. Analogous to soliton excitations, domain walls can have high mobility when the domain wall energy is high. The domain wall can be describes by a continuum theory owning to the long range nature of the dipole-dipole interactions in ferroelectrics. The simplest form for the Landau energy is the so called ϕ model which can be used to describe a second order phase transition from a cubic prototype,where Pi (i =1, 2, 3) are the components of polarization vector, α's are the linear and nonlinear dielectric constants. In order to take into account the nonlocal coupling, a gradient energy should be included, for cubic symmetry the gradient energy is given by,

Etude comparative de l’adsorption du diethyl-ether sur les électrodes monocristallines d’Au et d’Ag d’orientation (111), (100) et (110)

1982 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Hinnen ◽  
Chau Nguyen Van Huong ◽  
Jean-Pierre Dalbera
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Etude Comparative ◽  
Étude Comparative

Dielectric constants of biological objects

1963 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.I. Sedunov ◽  
D.A. Frank-Kamenetskii
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Biological Objects
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