Phytosterols Esterified with Conjugated Linoleic Acid. In Vitro Intestinal Digestion and Interaction on Cholesterol Bioaccessibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (45) ◽  
pp. 11323-11330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Moran-Valero ◽  
Diana Martin ◽  
Guzman Torrelo ◽  
Guillermo Reglero ◽  
Carlos F. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Digestion

Direct Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers on P815 Mast Cells in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411
Author(s):  
Siddharth Krishnan ◽  
Joshua Russell ◽  
MaryLou Bodziak ◽  
Stephen Koury ◽  
Patricia Masso-Welch
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Direct Effects

scholarly journals Mining the Microbiota of the Neonatal Gastrointestinal Tract for Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Producing Bifidobacteria

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4635-4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rosberg-Cody ◽  
R. P. Ross ◽  
S. Hussey ◽  
C. A. Ryan ◽  
B. P. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Different Strains

ABSTRACT This study was designed to isolate different strains of the genus Bifidobacterium from the fecal material of neonates and to assess their ability to produce the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer from free linoleic acid. Fecal material was collected from 24 neonates aged between 3 days and 2 months in a neonatal unit (Erinville Hospital, Cork, Ireland). A total of 46 isolates from six neonates were confirmed to be Bifidobacterium species based on a combination of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase assay, RAPD [random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA] PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Interestingly, only 1 of the 11 neonates that had received antibiotic treatment produced bifidobacteria. PFGE after genomic digestion with the restriction enzyme XbaI demonstrated that the bifidobacteria population displayed considerable genomic diversity among the neonates, with each containing between one and five dominant strains, whereas 11 different macro restriction patterns were obtained. In only one case did a single strain appear in two neonates. All genetically distinct strains were then screened for CLA production after 72 h of incubation with 0.5 mg of free linoleic acid ml−1 by using gas-liquid chromatography. The most efficient producers belonged to the species Bifidobacterium breve, of which two different strains converted 29 and 27% of the free linoleic acid to the cis-9, trans-11 isomer per microgram of dry cells, respectively. In addition, a strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum showed a conversion rate of 18%/μg dry cells. The ability of some Bifidobacterium strains to produce CLA could be another human health-promoting property linked to members of the genus, given that this metabolite has demonstrated anticarcinogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.

Effect of Dietary Vegetable Oil Supplementation on C18 Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Production; An In vitro Fermentation Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julakorn Panatuk ◽  
Suthipong Uriyapongs ◽  
Chainarong Nawanukraw ◽  
Chirasak Phoemchala ◽  
Pitukpol Pornanake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

scholarly journals The effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 on in vitro bovine embryo production and cryopreservation

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 6164-6176 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Absalón-Medina ◽  
S.J. Bedford-Guaus ◽  
R.O. Gilbert ◽  
L.C. Siqueira ◽  
G. Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Embryo Production

53 EFFECT OF ADDITION OF L-CARNITINE AND CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID DURING BOVINE EMBRYO CULTURE ON CRYOSURVIVAL, LIPID CONTENT, AND GENE EXPRESSION

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
A. Ruiz ◽  
P. J. Hansen ◽  
J. Block
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Bovine Embryo

The objective was to determine the effects of addition of l-carnitine (LC) and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during bovine embryo culture on cryosurvival, lipid content, and gene expression. For all experiments, embryos were produced in vitro using abattoir-derived oocytes. Following insemination, presumptive zygotes were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial to be cultured in SOF-BE1 supplemented with or without 3.03 mM LC and 100 μM CLA until Day 7. For Exp. 1, blastocyst- and expanded-blastocyst-stage embryos (n = 777) were slow-frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol. Embryos were thawed and then cultured for 72 h. Re-expansion and hatching rates were recorded at 24, 48, and 72 h. There was no effect of LC on post-thaw re-expansion rates, but CLA reduced (P < 0.05) and tended (P < 0.08) to reduce re-expansion rate at 24 and 48 h, respectively (76.5 ± 2.5 v. 70.4 ± 2.5 and 79.5 ± 2.2 v. 76.0 ± 2.2, respectively). Whereas hatching rate at 72 h tended (P < 0.08) to be higher for embryos cultured with LC (67.8 ± 2.5 v. 74.4 ± 2.5), treatment with CLA reduced (P < 0.05) hatching rate at 48 h (62.3 ± 2.6 v. 54.9 ± 2.6). In Exp. 2, to determine lipid content, expanded blastocyst-stage embryos (n = 263) were harvested and stained using Nile Red. Embryos were examined for fluorescence using an epifluorescence microscope, and intensity of fluorescence per unit area was quantified using ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). There was a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between LC and CLA affecting embryo lipid content. Whereas addition of CLA during culture increased lipid, treatment with LC and the combination of LC and CLA reduced lipid (22.8 ± 1.1 v. 19.1 ± 1.1 v. 28.4 ± 1.1 v. 19.2 ± 1.2 for no additive, +LC, +CLA, and +LC and CLA, respectively). For Exp. 3, the effect of LC and CLA on the relative abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism (ELOVL6, SCD1, SQLE, HMGCS1, CYP51A1, FDPS, FDFT1, LDLR, and SC4MOL) was determined. Pools of 5 expanded blastocyst-stage embryos from each treatment were collected across 5 replicates. The RNA was purified and synthesised into cDNA for RT-qPCR analysis. The SDHA, GAPDH, and YWAZ were used as housekeeping genes. Addition of LC during culture reduced (P < 0.05) the abundance of 4 of the 9 genes analysed (SQLE, HMGCS1, CYP51A1, and FDPS) and tended (P < 0.08) to reduce a fifth (FDFT1). In addition, there was a tendency (P < 0.08) for LC to increase the abundance of SCD1. Addition of CLA during culture had minimal effects on transcript abundance. In particular, CLA treatment reduced (P < 0.01) ELOVL6 and tended (P < 0.08) to increase SCD1. In contrast to previous studies, post-thaw cryosurvival was not significantly improved by treatment with LC or CLA. Results indicate that reduced embryo lipid content caused by LC treatment is due, in part, to an alteration in the abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Further research is still necessary to determine whether in vivo survival following transfer of cryopreserved embryos can be enhanced by treatment with LC or CLA.Support was provided by USDA AFRI Grant 2010–85122–20623.

34 EFFECTS OF L-CARNITINE AND trans-10,cis-12 CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION DURING MATURATION ON DEVELOPMENT AND CRYOTOLERANCE OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
J. Block ◽  
A. M. Zolini ◽  
E. Carrascal-Triana ◽  
A. Ruiz ◽  
P. J. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Sodium Pyruvate ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Hatching Rates

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of supplementation of maturation media with L-carnitine and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on embryo development and survival following cryopreservation. Immature bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (n = 1796) were harvested from abattoir-derived ovaries and randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to be matured in maturation medium [TCM-199 with Earle salts supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) bovine steer serum, 2 μg mL–1 oestradiol 17-β, 20 μg mL–1 bovine FSH, 22 μg mL–1 sodium pyruvate, 50 μg mL–1 gentamicin sulfate, and 1 mM glutamax®] supplemented with or without 100 mM CLA and with or without 3.03 mM L-carnitine for 22 to 24 h at 38.5°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. The proportion of oocytes that cleaved was determined on Day 3 after insemination, and the proportion of oocytes developing to the blastocyst and advanced blastocysts stages (expanded, hatching, and hatched) was assessed on Day 7. Blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stage embryos (n = 270) were harvested on Day 7 and subjected to controlled-rate freezing following equilibration in 1.5 M ethylene glycol. Embryos were thawed and then cultured for 72 h in SOF-BE1 (Fields et al. 2011) supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum and 50 μM dithiothreitol. Post-thaw re-expansion and hatching rates were determined at 24, 48, and 72 h. The experiment was replicated 5 times. There was no effect of supplementation of maturation medium with either CLA or L-carnitine on the proportion of oocytes that cleaved at Day 3 or that developed to the blastocyst and advanced blastocyst stages at Day 7 after insemination. There was no interaction between CLA and L-carnitine affecting cleavage rate or embryo development. Supplementation of maturation medium with L-carnitine did not affect post-thaw re-expansion or hatching rates. In contrast, treatment with CLA during maturation reduced (P < 0.05) post-thaw re-expansion (24 h: 75.2 ± 3.8% v. 60.3 ± 4.1%; 48 h: 82.0 ± 3.4% v. 64.9 ± 4.0%; 72 h: 78.9 ± 3.6% v. 65.9 ± 4.0%, respectively) and hatching (24 h: 33.7 ± 4.2% v. 23.5 ± 3.6%; 48 h: 61.1 ± 4.3% v. 44.0 ± 4.2%; 72 h: 62.6 ± 4.3% v. 50.2 ± 4.2%, respectively) rates at all time points. There was no interaction between CLA and L-carnitine affecting post-thaw viability. In conclusion, supplementation of maturation medium with L-carnitine did not affect embryo development or post-thaw viability. Although addition of CLA during maturation did not affect embryo development, post-thaw cryotolerance was reduced following CLA supplementation. There was no beneficial effect of supplementing maturation medium with both CLA and L-carnitine on embryo development or post-thaw cryosurvival.

trans -10, cis -12 conjugated linoleic acid enhances in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyu Jia ◽  
Guoquan Wu ◽  
Xiangwei Fu ◽  
Xianhong Mo ◽  
Ming Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Maturation
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