Addition Effect of Seed-associated or Free Linseed Oil on the Formation of cis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Octadecenoic Acid by Ruminal Bacteria In Vitro

The influence of selenite (SeIV) or selenate (SeVI) added to ovine ruminal fluid containing linseed oil (LO) on the profile of fatty acids (FA), particularly conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, was investigated. The ruminal fluid was incubated in vitro at 39°C under CO2 either alone (the control fluid) or with LO (3.3 mg/ml) or with a combination of LO with either a low (0.167 μg/ml) or high (1.67 μg/ml) level of Se as SeIV or SeVI. LO added to ruminal fluids also provides an extra source of energy. The tubes with the examined fluids were removed after 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h of in vitro incubation and then analyzed to determine the FA levels. The lower and higher concentration of SeIV in the fluids with the LO revealed negligible effect on the concentration of the sum of the CLA isomers (∑CLA) in the fluid compared with the fluid with LO alone. The addition of a higher amount of SeIV to the fluid containing LO usually decreased the concentration of ∑CLA compared with the fluid containing the lower concentration of SeIV and LO. The concentration of c9t11c15C18:3 (cLNA) in the fluids with LO, irrespective of the presence of extra Se, increased throughout the incubations, although the addition of SeIV or SeVI to the fluids containing LO numerically reduced the increase of the concentration of cLNA compared with the fluid with LO alone. The concentration sum of the C18:1 isomers (ΣC18:1) in the control fluid numerically decreased throughout the incubations, while LO added to the fluid increased the concentration of ΣC18:1 throughout the incubations. LO added to the fluid, irrespective of the presence of SeIV or SeVI, significantly increased the concentration of ΣC18:1 compared with the control fluid and the fluids with SeIV or SeVI. The concentrations of C16:0 and C18:0 in the control fluid and the fluids containing SeIV or SeVI numerically increased throughout the incubations and were usually lower than in the fluids containing LO without or with SeIV or SeVI. The concentration of C18:3n-3 decreased throughout the incubation of the fluids containing LO, irrespective of the presence of SeIV or SeVI. LO added to the fluids, irrespective of the presence of SeIV or SeVI, increased the concentration of C18:2n-6 compared with the control fluid and the fluids with SeIV or SeVI. The higher concentration of SeIV or SeVI in the fluid with LO most efficiently increased the concentration of c5c8c11c14c17C20:5 compared with the control fluid or the fluids containing LO, irrespective of the presence of the lower concentration of SeIV or SeVI. LO added to the fluid, irrespective of the presence of SeIV or SeVI, increased the concentration of polyunsaturated FA compared with the control fluid or the fluids containing SeIV or SeVI.

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Significance of phenolic compounds in tropical forages for the ruminal bypass of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the appearance of biohydrogenation intermediates as examined in vitro

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an11059 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Anuraga Jayanegara ◽

Michael Kreuzer ◽

Elizabeth Wina ◽

Florian Leiber

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Test Method ◽

Tropical Forages

The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of phenol-rich tropical ruminant feeds on the extent of ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Samples of 27 tropical forages (mainly tree and shrub leaves), characterised by different phenolic profiles, were incubated in vitro (n = 4 replicates) with buffered rumen fluid for 24 h using the Hohenheim gas test method. Linseed oil was added as a rich source of PUFA. In the plants, total extractable phenols (TEP), non-tannin phenols, condensed tannins, and fatty acids were determined. After terminating incubation, the fatty acid profile present in fermentation fluid (total syringe content) was analysed by gas chromatography. The relationship between TEP and the disappearance of α-linolenic acid from the incubation fluid was negative (R2 = 0.48, P < 0.001), indicating that TEP reduced the ruminal BH of this PUFA. Similarly, TEP were negatively related with the disappearances of linoleic acid (R2 = 0.52, P < 0.001) and oleic acid (R2 = 0.58, P < 0.001). The appearance of rumenic acid, an important conjugated linoleic acid isomer, was positively correlated with TEP (R2 = 0.30, P < 0.01), while the opposite result was seen with stearic acid (R2 = 0.22, P < 0.05). Leaves of avocado (Persea americana) were particularly interesting, because they changed the BH pattern at a moderate TEP content of 73 g/kg DM. It is concluded that, in the tropical feedstuffs investigated, TEP have an impact on ruminal fatty acid BH and are associated with an increased bypass of PUFA and the generation of conjugated linoleic acid.

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Direct Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers on P815 Mast Cells in vitro

Immunological Investigations ◽

10.3109/08820139.2011.647187 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 399-411

Author(s):

Siddharth Krishnan ◽

Joshua Russell ◽

MaryLou Bodziak ◽

Stephen Koury ◽

Patricia Masso-Welch

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Direct Effects

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Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid directly enhances the chemotactic activity of porcine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophillic leukocytes by activating F-actin polymerization in vitro

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.02.021 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 191-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jooyae Paek ◽

Ji-Houn Kang ◽

Sung-Soo Kim ◽

Kyung-A Son ◽

Moo-Rim Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Actin Polymerization ◽

Chemotactic Activity

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Effects of feeding ryegrass of varying maturity on the metabolism and composition of lipids in the rumen of sheep

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600063310 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 445-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

T. Gerson ◽

A. John ◽

A. S. D. King

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Triacyl Glycerol

SummaryTwo experiments were carried out to test the effects of ryegrass maturity on rumen lipid metabolism. In the first experiment the effect of stage of maturity of perennial ryegrass on lipid metabolism in the rumen was studied with grazing sheep fitted with rumen cannulae. The pasture was either immature (13·8% crude protein), mature (8·1% crude protein) or senescent (5·5% crude protein).The ratesin vitroof triacyl glycerol lipolysis and linoleic acid (18: 2w6) hydrogenation were found to decrease with increasing age of the ryegrass.In the second experiment the sheep were dosed with emulsified linseed oil (30 g) via rumen cannulae while grazing immature or senescent ryegrass and the rumen digesta and blood plasma sampled at 0, 4 and 8 h after dosing.The proportions of linseed oil retained in the rumen were greater and blood plasma linoleic (18:2w6) and linolenic (18:3w3) acid concentrations higher when senescent ryegrass was fed.It was concluded that the rates of rumen lipolysis and hydrogenation decreased with the age of pasture and that after dosing with linseed oil the polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in blood plasma increased.

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In silico characterization of linoleic acid biotransformation to rumenic acid in food derived Lactobacillus plantarum YW11

Acta Biochimica Polonica ◽

10.18388/abp.2020_5095 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tariq Aziz ◽

Abid Sarwar ◽

Muhammad Fahim ◽

Sam Al Dalali ◽

Zia Ud Din ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

In Silico ◽

Octadecadienoic Acid ◽

Scale Up ◽

Octadecenoic Acid ◽

Acid Ethyl Ester ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

In Silico Characterization

Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 capability to convert linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid and other metabolites was studied in a dose-dependent manner by supplementing LA at different concentrations. L. plantarum YW11 displayed a uniform distinctive growth curve of CLA and other metabolites at concentrations of LA ranging from 1% (w/v) to 10% (w/v), with slightly increased growth at higher LA concentrations. The biotransformation capability of L. plantarum YW11 evaluated by GC-MS revealed a total of one CLA isomer, i.e. 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid, also known as the rumenic acid (RA), one linoleic acid isomer (linoelaidic acid), and LA metabolites: (E)-9-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester, trans, trans-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, propyl ester and stearic acid. All the metabolites of linoleic acid were produced from 1 to 10% LA supplemented MRS media, while surprisingly the only conjugated linoleic acid compound was produced at 10% LA. To assess the presence of putative enzymes, responsible for conversion of LA into CLA, in silico characterization was carried out. The in silico characterization revealed presence of four enzymes (10-linoleic acid hydratase, linoleate isomerase, acetoacetate decarboxylase and dehydrogenase) that may be involved in the production of CLA (rumenic acid) and LA isomers. The biotransformation ability of L. plantarum YW11 to convert LA into RA has great prospects for biotechnological and industrial implications that could be exploited in the future scale-up experiments.

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Mining the Microbiota of the Neonatal Gastrointestinal Tract for Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Producing Bifidobacteria

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.8.4635-4641.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (8) ◽

pp. 4635-4641 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

E. Rosberg-Cody ◽

R. P. Ross ◽

S. Hussey ◽

C. A. Ryan ◽

B. P. Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽

Fecal Material ◽

Single Strain ◽

Different Strains

ABSTRACT This study was designed to isolate different strains of the genus Bifidobacterium from the fecal material of neonates and to assess their ability to produce the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer from free linoleic acid. Fecal material was collected from 24 neonates aged between 3 days and 2 months in a neonatal unit (Erinville Hospital, Cork, Ireland). A total of 46 isolates from six neonates were confirmed to be Bifidobacterium species based on a combination of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase assay, RAPD [random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA] PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Interestingly, only 1 of the 11 neonates that had received antibiotic treatment produced bifidobacteria. PFGE after genomic digestion with the restriction enzyme XbaI demonstrated that the bifidobacteria population displayed considerable genomic diversity among the neonates, with each containing between one and five dominant strains, whereas 11 different macro restriction patterns were obtained. In only one case did a single strain appear in two neonates. All genetically distinct strains were then screened for CLA production after 72 h of incubation with 0.5 mg of free linoleic acid ml−1 by using gas-liquid chromatography. The most efficient producers belonged to the species Bifidobacterium breve, of which two different strains converted 29 and 27% of the free linoleic acid to the cis-9, trans-11 isomer per microgram of dry cells, respectively. In addition, a strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum showed a conversion rate of 18%/μg dry cells. The ability of some Bifidobacterium strains to produce CLA could be another human health-promoting property linked to members of the genus, given that this metabolite has demonstrated anticarcinogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.

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