Volatilization of S-ethyl N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate from water and wet soil during and after flood irrigation of an alfalfa field

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Cliath ◽  
William F. Spencer ◽  
Walter J. Farmer ◽  
Thomas D. Shoup ◽  
Raj Grover
Keyword(s):  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Alfalfa Field

scholarly journals Dryland irrigation increases accumulation rates of pedogenic carbonate and releases soil abiotic CO2

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Ortiz ◽  
Lixin Jin ◽  
Nives Ogrinc ◽  
Jason Kaye ◽  
Bor Krajnc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Pedogenic Carbonate ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Pedogenic Carbonates ◽  
Irrigation Intensity ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Irrigated Soils

AbstractAgricultural fields in drylands are challenged globally by limited freshwater resources for irrigation and also by elevated soil salinity and sodicity. It is well known that pedogenic carbonate is less soluble than evaporate salts and commonly forms in natural drylands. However, few studies have evaluated how irrigation loads dissolved calcium and bicarbonate to agricultural fields, accelerating formation rates of secondary calcite and simultaneously releasing abiotic CO2 to the atmosphere. This study reports one of the first geochemical and isotopic studies of such “anthropogenic” pedogenic carbonates and CO2 from irrigated drylands of southwestern United States. A pecan orchard and an alfalfa field, where flood-irrigation using the Rio Grande river is a common practice, were compared to a nearby natural dryland site. Strontium and carbon isotope ratios show that bulk pedogenic carbonates in irrigated soils at the pecan orchard primarily formed due to flood-irrigation, and that approximately 20–50% of soil CO2 in these irrigated soils is calcite-derived abiotic CO2 instead of soil-respired or atmospheric origins. Multiple variables that control the salt buildup in this region are identified and impact the crop production and soil sustainability regionally and globally. Irrigation intensity and water chemistry (irrigation water quantity and quality) dictate salt loading, and soil texture governs water infiltration and salt leaching. In the study area, agricultural soils have accumulated up to 10 wt% of calcite after just about 100 years of cultivation. These rates will likely increase in the future due to the combined effects of climate variability (reduced rainfall and more intense evaporation), use of more brackish groundwater for irrigation, and reduced porosity in soils. The enhanced accumulation rates of pedogenic carbonate are accompanied by release of large amounts of abiotic CO2 from irrigated drylands to atmosphere. Extensive field studies and modelling approaches are needed to further quantify these effluxes at local, regional and global scales.

A two-year field study to determine the fate of oxamyl in soil during flood irrigation

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1189
Author(s):  
Colin L. McIntosh ◽  
John P. Jenkins ◽  
Donald L. Burgoyne ◽  
Danny T. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Flood Irrigation

scholarly journals Management of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., using the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monir M. M. El Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Alfalfa Field ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Hypera Brunneipennis ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Sweep Net

AbstractLarval and adult populations of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil (EAW) Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was monitored after application of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in the alfalfa field (Medicago sativa L.) in two successive seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. The second and last generation of the weevil on April 10, 2016, was controlled by only one application with the conidiospores of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana (3 × 108 spores/ml). Accordingly, the larval population decreased from 16.07 ± 1.09 in season 2015/2016 to 7.37 ± 0.05 individuals/50 sweep net double strokes in season 2016/2017. Also, the adult weevil’s population decreased from 5.66 ± 0.8 to 2.55 ± 0.6 individuals/50 sweep net double strokes in the two seasons, respectively. 39.66% mortality rate was recorded in the Hypera brunneipennis adults aestivated under loose bark of the surrounding eucalyptus trees, which received the application of B. bassiana in the field. Another application with the fungus, targeting the second generation of the pest adults in alfalfa each season, will undoubtedly lead to a further decrease in the pest population.

Salinity Effects from Evaporation and Transpiration under Flood Irrigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 754-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van den Akker ◽  
C. T. Simmons ◽  
J. L. Hutson
Keyword(s):  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Salinity Effects

A mathematical model for simulating water balances in cropped sandy soil with conventional flood irrigation applied

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Bin Ji ◽  
Er-Si Kang ◽  
Ren-Sheng Chen ◽  
Wen-Zhi Zhao ◽  
Zhi-Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Water Balances

Response of first flood irrigation timing after rice dry-direct-seeding: Productivity and greenhouse gas emissions in Central China

2016 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwei Jiang ◽  
Weiqin Wang ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Shaobing Peng ◽  
Jianliang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Central China ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Gas Emissions

Short-term emissions of CO 2 and N 2 O in response to periodic flood irrigation with waste water in the Mezquital Valley of Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. González-Méndez ◽  
R. Webster ◽  
S. Fiedler ◽  
E. Loza-Reyes ◽  
J.M. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Amendment on CO2 Emissions from Paddy Fields under Water-Saving Irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihong Yang ◽  
Zewei Jiang ◽  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Junzeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Biochar Amendment

The role of carbon pool of biochar as a method of long-term C sequestration in global warming mitigation is unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to investigate the seasonal variations of CO2 emissions from water-saving irrigation paddy fields in response to biochar amendment and irrigation patterns. Three biochar treatments under water-saving irrigation and one biochar treatment under flooding irrigation were studied, and the application rates were 0, 20, 40, and 40 t ha−1 and labeled as CI + NB (controlled irrigation and none biochar added), CI + MB (controlled irrigation and medium biochar added), CI + HB (controlled irrigation and high biochar added), and FI + HB (flood irrigation and high biochar added), respectively. Results showed that biochar application at medium rates (20 t ha−1) decreased CO2 emissions by 1.64–8.83% in rice paddy fields under water-saving irrigation, compared with the non-amendment treatment. However, the CO2 emissions from paddy fields increased by 4.39–5.43% in the CI + HB treatment, compared with CI + NB. Furthermore, the mean CO2 emissions from paddy fields under water-saving irrigation decreased by 2.22% compared with flood irrigation under the same amount of biochar application (40 t ha−1). Biochar amendment increased rice yield and water use efficiency by 9.35–36.30% and 15.1–42.5%, respectively, when combined with water-saving irrigation. The CO2 emissions were reduced in the CI + MB treatment, which then increased rice yield. The CO2 emissions from paddy fields were positively correlated with temperature. The highest value of the temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) was derived for the CI + MB treatment. The Q10 was higher under water-saving irrigation compared with flooding irrigation.

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