scholarly journals Diffusioosmosis of Electrolyte Solutions in a Fine Capillary Tube

Langmuir ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 2879-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan J. Keh ◽  
Hsien Chen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Fine Capillary

XVI. On the influence of physical and chemical agents upon blood; with special reference to the mutual action of the blood and the respiratory gases

1865 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 687-724
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Fine Capillary ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mutual Action ◽  
Made In ◽  
Apparently Healthy

In order to prevent repetition, as well as to facilitate the understanding of the researches about to be described, it is deemed advisable at once to give a brief explanation of the manner in which the experiments were conducted. In the first place, it may be men­tioned that all the gas-analyses herein detailed were made in strict accordance with the justly celebrated method of Professor Bunsen, so ably explained in his work on Gasometry. In the second place, the blood employed in the experiments was always obtained from apparently healthy animals, and with the few exceptions, presently to be alluded to, operated upon while still perfectly fresh. In the third place, the apparatus used in the majority of the experiments consisted of a graduated glass receiver of the shape represented in the accompanying figure (A), the neck of which was drawn out to a fine capillary tube, upon the end of which was placed a piece of caoutchouc tubing. After a certain quantity of blood (usually 62 cubic centimetres) or other fluid was introduced at the mouth ( b ), the latter was firmly closed with a tightly fitting cork, and the remaining opening ( f ) secured by a ligature, so that all communication between the external atmosphere and the gas confined with the blood was effectually interrupted. When the experiment was completed, the gas was obtained from the receiver by plunging the lower end of the vessel into mercury, and carefully removing the cork, while it was still retained in that position, so that neither the contained gas could find an exit, nor the external air obtain admittance. A tube (B) partly filled with mercury was now carefully adjusted to the mouth of the receiver by a well-fitting cork ( d ); the receiver was next removed from the mercury trough, and a fine capillary glass tube (C) inserted into the free end of its piece of caoutchouc tubing; the end of this tube was dipped under the surface of mercury and the ligature at f removed. The mercury in B immediately descended and forced the atmospheric air out of the tube C, which in its turn became filled with gas from the receiver. The end of the tube C was then brought under an inverted eudiometer filled with mercury, and more of that liquid poured into B until sufficient gas was obtained from the receiver for analysis. In the fourth place, the temperature of the human body was imitated by employing an artificial digesting apparatus which could be readily kept at a constant heat of 38° C.

scholarly journals Diffusioosmosis of electrolyte solutions in a fine capillary slit

2006 ◽  
Vol 298 (1) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien Chen Ma ◽  
Huan J. Keh
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Fine Capillary

scholarly journals On a method of determining the viscosity of gases, especially those available only in small quantities

1910 ◽  
Vol 83 (562) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Content ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fine Capillary ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Absolute Measurements ◽  
Unlimited Amount

The apparatus about to be described was designed for the purpose of comparing the viscosities of neon, xenon, and krypton—the loan of which Sir William Ramsay kindly offered the author—with that of air. With such small quantities of gas available, the volume content of the apparatus must obviously be correspondingly small, and therefore, it would seem, unsuitable for absolute measurements. The object of the present paper is to show that this is by no means the case. As will be seen later, the method is actually restricted to small quantities by the conditions of the experiments, but there is no reason why it should not be used even when the gas under test may be obtained in practically unlimited amount. Theory of the Method . Consider a closed glass vessel (as in fig. 1) consisting of two connected limbs, one a fine capillary tube and the other of much greater cross-sectional area, yet sufficiently narrow for a pellet of mercury to remain intact in it. Let V be the volume unoccupied by mercury (the volume of the capillary tube being considered negligible). Let P denote the steady pressure of the gas in the tube when the latter is held horizontally, and let p be the difference of pressure caused by the mercury pellet when the apparatus is vertical. Let p 1 be the pressure and v 1 the volume at any time above the mercury, and p 2 , v 2 , the corresponding quantities below the mercury. Then V = v 1 + v 2 , and p 2 - p 1 = p .

scholarly journals On the analysis by positive rays of the heavier constituents of the atmosphere; of the gases in a vessel in which radium chloride had been stored for 13 Years, and of the gases given off by deflagrated metals

1922 ◽  
Vol 101 (711) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Physical Review ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Glass Bulb ◽  
Continuous Stream ◽  
Fine Capillary ◽  
The One ◽  
James Dewar

Sir James Dewar was kind enough to supply me with large quantities of the residues obtained from the evaporation of many thousand tons of liquid air. These residues had been absorbed by charcoal which had been kept in a sealed vessel. I have analysed these residues by the Positive Ray Method. The general arrangements were the same as those described in my book on Positive Rays. Some alterations, however, were necessary, as I used for these investigations a much more powerful induction coil than the one I had hitherto employed. With this coil so much heat was developed in the part of the tube near the cathode that any wax joints in that neighbourhood, even though they were cooled by a water jacket, gave off enough gas to spoil the vacuum for positive ray purposes. To avoid this difficulty I substituted for the wax joint, which formed the connection between the glass bulb in which the discharge takes place and the brass vessel which contains the camera, a joint made by a method used by Mr. Roebuck, and described by him in the ‘Physical Review.' vol. 28, p. 264 (1909). The method consists in first making on the outside of the glass tube a deposit of platinum by one or other of the devices used for platinising glass, and then depositing slowly by electrolysis a layer of copper on the platinum. With care this layer can be made thick and firm enough to enable a brass tube connected with the camera vessel to be soldered on to it, and an air-tight joint obtained which does not give off gas when heated by the discharge. The method adopted to analyse the gas was to put some of the charcoal containing the gaseous residues into a small vessel A, which was fused on to the discharge tube B; there was a tap between A and B, and this was turned until B had been exhausted to a very low pressure; there was also a very fine capillary tube in the circuit between A and B, and when the pump used for exhausting the discharge tube was kept in action a continuous stream of gas from A could be kept flowing through the discharge tube without making the pressure too high to obtain good photographs. Just before the tap between A and B was opened a photograph was taken with ordinary air going through the discharge tube, and the lines in this were compared with those on the photograph obtained when the gas from A was flowing through the tube.

scholarly journals On the viscosities of the gases of the argon group

1910 ◽  
Vol 83 (565) ◽  
pp. 516-525 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Principal Part ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Kinetic Theory Of Gases ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Small Correction ◽  
Fine Capillary ◽  
The Times ◽  
Helium Neon ◽  
Different Gases

In a previous paper (p. 265, supra ) I have described a method which is especially suitable for comparing the viscosities of small quantities of different gases. I have now made use of it for determining the viscosities of specimens of helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon, which were very kindly placed at my disposal by Sir William Ramsay. The results here recorded are for atmospheric temperatures only, but the measurement of the temperature variations will at once be proceeded with. For this purpose, however, the apparatus will have to be somewhat modified; and in view of the important bearing of viscosity upon the kinetic theory of gases and molecular properties, it has been thought unwise to delay publication. Theory of the Method . A diagram of the principal part of the apparatus is given in fig. 1. It consists of two tubes connected together at both ends, and two taps for admitting and extracting the gas enclosed. The tube M is a fine capillary tube about 50 cm. long, and the tube N is much wider in internal cross-section, but is nevertheless sufficiently narrow for the pellet of mercury P to remain intact in it. When the tubes are held vertically, the mercury pellet travels slowly downwards, driving before it the gas enclosed through the capillary tube. The apparatus may be filled with various gases whose viscosities—subject to a small correction to be mentioned later—are simply proportional to the times occupied by the mercury pellet in describing the distance between the marks y and z . That is to say, if t 1 and t 2 are the times of fall for two different gases, ŋ 1 / ŋ 2 = t 1 / t 2 . (1)

Raman spectra of electrolyte solutions in light and heavy water

1962 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257-1277
Author(s):  
R WESTONJR
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions

Statistical theory of electrolyte solutions of intermediate concentrations

1967 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgii A. Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Theory ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions

Electrolyte Solutions.

1961 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_4) ◽  
pp. 285-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions

Structure of Aqueous Monovalent Electrolyte Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223
Author(s):  
N.A. Atamas ◽  
◽  
L.A. Bulavin ◽  
D. Vasyl’eva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solutions
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