Enhancement of mycelial growth and polysaccharide production in Ganoderma lucidum (the Chinese medicinal fungus, `Lingzhi') by the addition of ethanol

The effect of initial medium pH on biomass, extracellular and intracellular polysaccharide, and ligninolytic enzyme production by Ganoderma lucidum was investigated at different pH values after 7 and 14 days of cultivation. Maximal production of biomass was recorded at pH 4.5 and 5.0; maximal production of extracellular polysaccharides at pH 7.0 and 3.0; and maximal production of intracellular polysaccharides at pH 7.0 and 5.5. Ligninolytic enzymes were not produced at any pH of the medium. Maximal biomass production was obtained on the 11th day of cultivation; maximal extracellular polysaccharide production on the 7th day; and maximal intracellular polysaccharide production on the 6th and 10th day of cultivation. .

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Functions of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1093/femsle/fnaa015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 366 (23) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zhu ◽

Fengli Wu ◽

Sining Yue ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Shuqi Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Ganoderic Acid ◽

Medicinal Fungus ◽

Intracellular Ros ◽

Ga Biosynthesis

ABSTRACT Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus that is widely used in traditional medicine. Fungal PacC is recognized as an important transcription factor that functions during adaptation to environmental pH, fungal development and secondary metabolism. Previous studies have revealed that GlPacC plays important roles in mycelial growth, fruiting body development and ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis. In this study, using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, we found that the apoptosis level was increased when PacC was silenced. The transcript and activity levels of caspase-like proteins were significantly increased in the PacC-silenced (PacCi) strains compared with the control strains. Silencing PacC also resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (∼2-fold) and decreased activity levels of enzymes involved in the antioxidant system. Further, we found that the intracellular ROS levels contributed to apoptosis and GA biosynthesis. Adding N-acetyl-cysteine and vitamin C decreased intracellular ROS and resulted in the inhibition of apoptosis in the PacCi strains. Additionally, the GA biosynthesis was different between the control strains and the PacCi strains after intracellular ROS was eliminated. Taken together, the findings showed that silencing PacC can result in an intracellular ROS burst, which increases cell apoptosis and GA biosynthesis levels. Our study provides novel insight into the functions of PacC in filamentous fungi.

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Ethylene promotes mycelial growth and ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum

Biotechnology Letters ◽

10.1007/s10529-016-2238-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Guang Zhang ◽

Ang Ren ◽

Fengli Wu ◽

Hanshou Yu ◽

Liang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Ganoderic Acid

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Genetic and Metabolic Intraspecific Biodiversity ofGanoderma lucidum

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/726149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna Pawlik ◽

Grzegorz Janusz ◽

Iwona Dębska ◽

Marek Siwulski ◽

Magdalena Frąc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Its Region ◽

Mitochondrial Activity ◽

Genomic Relationship ◽

Profile Similarity ◽

Geographic Regions ◽

Its Region Sequencing

FourteenGanoderma lucidumstrains from different geographic regions were identified using ITS region sequencing. Based on the sequences obtained, the genomic relationship between the analyzed strains was determined. AllG. lucidumstrains were also genetically characterized using the AFLP technique.G. lucidumstrains included in the analysis displayed an AFLP profile similarity level in the range from 9.6 to 33.9%. Biolog FF MicroPlates were applied to obtain data on utilization of 95 carbon sources and mitochondrial activity. The analysis allowed comparison of functional diversity of the fungal strains. The substrate utilization profiles for the isolates tested revealed a broad variability within the analyzedG. lucidumspecies and proved to be a good profiling technology for studying the diversity in fungi. Significant differences have been demonstrated in substrate richness values. Interestingly, the analysis of growth and biomass production also differentiated the strains based on the growth rate on the agar and sawdust substrate. In general, the mycelial growth on the sawdust substrate was more balanced and the fastest fungal growth was observed for GRE3 and FCL192.

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Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Strengthens Antioxidant Defense Systems against Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver of Mice

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1577 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 1577-1579

Author(s):

Lin Luo ◽

Feng Yan ◽

Bei Bei Wang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Medicinal Fungus ◽

Traditional Remedy ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

Exercise Induced

Ganoderma lucidum(G. lucidum), a medicinal fungus called ‘‘Lingzhi’’ in China is one of the most famous fungi in traditional Chinese medicine. For hundreds of years, this mushroom has been known as a traditional remedy for treatment of several diseases, such as hepatitis, hypertension, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, cancer and others. Polysaccharide is an important pharmacological ingredient extracted from fruit bodies and mycelium ofG. lucidum. It has been extensively documented thatG. lucidumpolysaccharides (Gl-PS) had wide bioactivities, such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic activities [1]. In our previous studies, Gl-PS has been proven to have significant anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue effects in mice [2], which suggesting that it might be beneficial to exercise-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gl-PS against exercise-induced oxidative stress in liver of mice.

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