Effect of Wheat Bran Supplementation to the Sawdust Substrate on Mycelial Growth Rate and Production of Extracellular Degradative Enzymes by the Medicinal Reishi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae)

Phomopsis sojae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are responsible for stem and pod dryness and white mold in soybean. These pathologies directly affect the quality of seeds/grains and compromise the entire plant. The use of extracts from different plants has been the subject of research for the control of several phytopathogens. Calotropis procera is among botanical species that synthesize efficient compounds for biocontrol. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of C. procera aqueous extract on P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized blocks in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme (two fungi and five extract concentrations 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) with 4 replicates. C. procera aqueous extract concentrations were added to Petri dishes containing PDA. After 48 hours, the mycelial growth rate was evaluated. After seven days of incubation, the fungal colony area, sporulation, and germination of P. sojae and S. sclerotiorum were evaluated. There was significant interaction between fungi × extract concentrations (p < 0.05) for all variables analyzed. The mycelial growth rate of P. sojae was lower than that of S. sclerotiorum. The diameter of the P. sojae fungal colony was smaller than that of S. sclerotiorum when concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% were used. As the extract concentration increased, fungi sporulation and germination reduced.

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Mycelial inhibition of Trichoderma spp. isolated from the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with an extract of Pycnoporus sp.

Acta Botanica Mexicana ◽

10.21829/abm127.2020.1537 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anaid Talavera-Ortiz ◽

Priscila Chaverri ◽

Gerardo Diaz-Godinez ◽

Ma de Lourdes Acosta-Urdapilleta ◽

Elba Villegas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Edible Fungi ◽

Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Mycelial Growth Rate ◽

The One

Abstract:Background and Aims: The production of edible fungi is affected by bacterial, fungal and viral diseases, which very often cause large losses. In the productionof mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus, the fungi of Trichoderma spp. represent a serious problem of contamination and although there are some chemical compoundsthat control the infection, they are not entirely safe for human consumption. As a consequence, alternatives are being searched for through biotechnology,such as the one presented in this paper.Methods: Strains of fungi of the genus Trichoderma were isolated from the substrate where Pleurotus ostreatus was being cultivated. These were identifiedmorphologically and molecularly, followed by tests to inhibit the growth of Trichoderma strains in both agar and wheat straw, using a cetonic extract of thedehydrated fruiting body of Pycnoporus sp.Key results: Two strains of Trichoderma (T. pleuroti and T. atrobrunneum, belonging to the clade of T. harzianum) were isolated from infected substrate obtainedin production modules of Pleurotus ostreatus located in Tlaquitenango and Cuernavaca, in the state of Morelos, Mexico. The effect of a cetonic extract of thefruiting body of Pycnoporus sp. on the mycelial growth of the isolated strains of Trichoderma was also evaluated, observing decrease in mycelial growth rate inPetri dish up to 72% and on lignocellulosic substrate both mycelial growth and sporulation were delayed up to 10 days.Conclusions: The extract of Pycnoporus sp. could be an alternative to control the infection by Trichoderma spp. in mushroom cultures of the genus Pleurotus.Key words: disease control, edible mushrooms, lignocellulosic substrate.

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Synthesis and antifungal activities of 3-substituted phthalide derivatives

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-2019-0110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (11-12) ◽

pp. 811-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lingling Fan ◽

Bilan Luo ◽

Zhongfu Luo ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Judi Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Antifungal Activities ◽

Structure Activity Relationships ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Mycelial Growth Rate ◽

Rate Method

AbstractIn order to obtain novel bioactive compounds with significant antifungal activities, two series of 3-substituted phthalide derivatives were designed and synthesized via reduction, bromine substitution, and etherification. In addition, the antifungal activities of all target compounds against nine phytopathogenic fungi in vitro were tested by using the mycelial growth rate method at the concentration of 50 μg mL−1. Preliminary bioassay tests showed that some compounds exhibited more potent antifungal activities as compared with hymexazol. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of all target compounds were also investigated.

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Cultivation of Flammulina velutipesmushroom using various agro-residues as a fruiting substrate

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2014000300004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nooraishah Harith ◽

Noorlidah Abdullah ◽

Vikineswary Sabaratnam

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Biological Efficiency ◽

Paddy Straw ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Wood Sawdust ◽

Mycelial Growth Rate ◽

Agro Residues

The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of different agro-residues as a carbon source in the fruiting substrates of Flammulina velutipesmushroom and the effect of supplementation with the nitrogen sources spent brewer's yeast and rice bran. The following fruiting substrates were evaluated: rubber wood sawdust (SD), paddy straw (PS), palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), and palm-pressed fiber (PPF). Cultivation was done on each agro-residue, based on formulations consisting of two substrates at the ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3. Mycelial growth rate and basidiocarp yield were evaluated. The best fruiting substrates were PS+EFB (25:75), PS+PPF (50:50), and PPF (100), with biological efficiency of 185.09±36.98, 150.89±50.35, and 129.06±14.51%, respectively. No significant effects of supplementation with rice bran and spent yeast were observed on mycelial growth rate and biological efficiency. The cultivation of F. velutipes on oil palm wastes does not require additional nitrogen sources.

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Mycelial growth rate and toxin production in the seed pathogenPyrenophora semeniperda: resource trade-offs and temporally varying selection

Plant Pathology ◽

10.1111/ppa.12377 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 1450-1460 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. E. Meyer ◽

M. Masi ◽

S. Clement ◽

T. L. Davis ◽

J. Beckstead

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Mycelial Growth Rate

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Manganese affects the growth and metabolism ofGanoderma lucidumbased on LC-MS analysis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6846 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6846 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo Zhang ◽

Jie Zhou ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Bingcheng Gan ◽

Weihong Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Manganese Peroxidase ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Manganese Content ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Kegg Pathways ◽

Manganese Ion ◽

Edible Fungus ◽

Mycelial Growth Rate

BackgroundAs a metal-enriched edible fungus,Ganoderma lucidumis capable of adsorbing manganese effectively. And the manganese ion is demonstrated to play an important role in the synthesis of manganese peroxidase (Mnp) and other physiological activities duringG. lucidumgrowth. Recently, the influence of manganese on the metabolites ofG. lucidumfruiting bodies can be revealed through metabonomics technique.MethodsIn this study, we uncovered the changes between the control and 200 mg/kg Mn-treated fruiting bodies with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS).ResultsThe mycelial growth rate, dry yield, Mnp activity , total polysaccharide content, triterpenoid content, and total manganese content in the mature fruiting bodies ofG. lucidumchanged between the control and different Mn-treated groups. Based on LC-MS method, a total of 16 significantly different metabolites were obtained and identified, among which, five presented significantly down-regulated and 11 up-regulated in Mn-treated samples. The metabolites chavicol and palmitoylethanolamide were particularly significantly up-regulated, and were found the strong promotion relationship. Dependent on the MetPA database, four KEGG pathways were detected and glycerophospholipid metabolism was most impacted, in which, choline was involved in.DiscussionThe added manganese ion in the substrate enhanced Mnp activities, and consequently promoted the mycelial growth, yield , metabolites in the fruiting bodies including triterpenoids, total manganese, chavicol, etc. Our finding can provide a theoretical reference to regulation of manganese on the physiological metabolism ofG. lucidum.

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