Oligotrophic bogs prevail among wetlands in the mainland of the North of Russia. The study of the moss cover response to the increase in anthropogenic load makes it possible to reveal a shift in the ecological balance of bog ecosystems. The goаl of the research is to reveal changes in the pigment apparatus of the moss cover under drainage, road construction and mining operation as in the case of the Arkhangelsk region. Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) H. Klinggr. was used as the main object for studying the pigment composition of the photosynthetic apparatus. A change in the pigment composition during the drainage of bogs was found when comparing the pigments of S. fuscum moss on the undisturbed Ilas bog massif and the drained bog massif “Ovechye”; the content of carotenoids decreases and the content of chlorophyll a increases. The influence of the traffic load was studied in an open wetland of the Mezen district, where there is no tree-shrub layer. Succession of dominant species is observed in the moss-lichen layer of the bog in the immediate vicinity of the road (34 m); the projective cover of sphagnum mosses decreases to less than 10 %, and brie mosses emerge as dominants. The content of all analyzed pigments in moss samples increases with the distance from unpaved roads, especially the content of chlorophylls (>5 times at a distance of 100 m and more). As an example of the anthropogenic impact of a mining enter prise, we used terricones of the Lomonosov Mining and Processing Plant, PJSC Severalmaz, from which aeolian transport of dust particles of rocks containing saponite occurs. Near the pollution source, the content of total moss pigments is noticeably lower than in the area protected by a forest belt. A decrease in the proportion of chlorophylls a and b with a slight increase in the content of carotenoids was found in the pigment complex. The changes are due to the transfer of saponite; a clay mineral that actively absorbs water. The increased moisture provides favorable conditions for the moss vegetation, which mitigates the negative effect of pollutants on the pigment apparatus of plants. Overall, pigments content change represents plants adaptation to the adverse impacts and anthropogenic pressing.
Hematological reactions in the inhabitants of the Arctic on a polar night and a polar day
