Pigment Composition of Sphagnum fuscum of Wetlands under Anthropogenic Impact

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
S.B. Selyanina ◽  
◽  
V.G. Tatarintseva ◽  
I.N. Zubov ◽  
T.I. Ponomareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum

Oligotrophic bogs prevail among wetlands in the mainland of the North of Russia. The study of the moss cover response to the increase in anthropogenic load makes it possible to reveal a shift in the ecological balance of bog ecosystems. The goаl of the research is to reveal changes in the pigment apparatus of the moss cover under drainage, road construction and mining operation as in the case of the Arkhangelsk region. Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) H. Klinggr. was used as the main object for studying the pigment composition of the photosynthetic apparatus. A change in the pigment composition during the drainage of bogs was found when comparing the pigments of S. fuscum moss on the undisturbed Ilas bog massif and the drained bog massif “Ovechye”; the content of carotenoids decreases and the content of chlorophyll a increases. The influence of the traffic load was studied in an open wetland of the Mezen district, where there is no tree-shrub layer. Succession of dominant species is observed in the moss-lichen layer of the bog in the immediate vicinity of the road (34 m); the projective cover of sphagnum mosses decreases to less than 10 %, and brie mosses emerge as dominants. The content of all analyzed pigments in moss samples increases with the distance from unpaved roads, especially the content of chlorophylls (>5 times at a distance of 100 m and more). As an example of the anthropogenic impact of a mining enter prise, we used terricones of the Lomonosov Mining and Processing Plant, PJSC Severalmaz, from which aeolian transport of dust particles of rocks containing saponite occurs. Near the pollution source, the content of total moss pigments is noticeably lower than in the area protected by a forest belt. A decrease in the proportion of chlorophylls a and b with a slight increase in the content of carotenoids was found in the pigment complex. The changes are due to the transfer of saponite; a clay mineral that actively absorbs water. The increased moisture provides favorable conditions for the moss vegetation, which mitigates the negative effect of pollutants on the pigment apparatus of plants. Overall, pigments content change represents plants adaptation to the adverse impacts and anthropogenic pressing.

MODELING OF PROCESSES AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO REDUCE DUST AND GAS EMISSIONS AT THE QUARRIES OF MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алла Звягинцева ◽  
Alla Zvyaginceva ◽  
Светлана Сазонова ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova ◽  
В. Кульнева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Dust Collection ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
Surface Active

Existing measures for the suppression of dust and gas emissions during mass explosions at the quarry of a mining and processing plant were investigated. Measures have been developed to reduce dust and gas emissions, taking into account the analysis of existing measures to suppress dust and gas emissions from mass explosions in the open pit of the mining and processing plant of Lebedinsky GOK. The studies of surface active substances on the wettability of dust particles. In order to improve working conditions, it was proposed to reduce dust and gas emissions by suppressing them at the source of education, using the method of wetting and sticking of dust particles. The proposed engineering - technical solution can be used to reduce dust and gas emissions during massive explosions in the quarries of various mining and processing enterprises. The developed method is proposed to be used to ensure environmental safety and improve working conditions in industries with high dustiness by increasing the efficiency of dust collection.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF KASHMIR UNDERPASS PROJECT IN FAISALABAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aurangzaib ◽  
Shahbaz Nasir Khan ◽  
Muneeb Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Touseef ◽  
Abdul Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Road Development ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Road development projects are important as they provide economical, political and social benefits but delays can occur. EIA is conducted for every project as required by the Environmental Protection Act of 1997 and the Environmental Policy of Pakistan for the purpose of ensuring mitigation of environmental impacts due to project activities. The Kashmir Underpass project in Faisalabad is assigned to FDA, for the purpose of satisfying growing need of traffic load due to population increase in surrounding areas in newly developed societies. This research examines the different factors of project affecting the environment. Questionnaire approach was utilized to gain insights of environmental impacts due to the project. Results showed that 93% of respondents didn’t knew about EIA and why it is necessary. Respondents were facing impacts from dust particles, noise, traffic, business loss etc. These impacts were analyzed and guidelines were developed for EIA of Kashmir Underpass Project.

Peculiarities of functioning of the plum (Prunus domestica L.) perspective cultivars and forms trees leaves photosynthetic apparatus

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
V.V. Filiov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kryvoshapka ◽  
O.I. Kytaiev ◽  
V.M. Vasiuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
The One

The influence of the photosynthetic apparatus on the formation of the economic and biological traits of the plum 13 cultivars and 10 elite forms of different ripening terms was evaluated at the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology and in the Laboratory of the Plant Physiology and Microbiology of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Those cvs and forms were bred inland and abroad. The morphological physiological indicators – the leaf blade surface, specific leaf surface density, content of water as well as of the chlorophylls a and b were used in order to analyze the leaf apparatus organization. The close correlation was revealed of pigments amount variability and above mentioned chlorophylls ratio, on the one hand, and negative correlation (r = -0,85) between chlorophyll b content and ratio of the both mentioned chlorophylls, on the other hand. That confirms the high adaptive capacity and regulatory possibilities of the plum trees leaves chloroplasts pigment systems concerning the light regime changes in the crown. The researches have shown that the correlation between the water content and leaf surface (r = 0,35) is not significant. Thus, leaves with the more intensive metabolism are characterized with somewhat strained water homeostasis. During the investigations years in the group of the early ripening the varieties Oda and Herman distinguish themselves for the highest yield (13,68 t/ha and 14,03 t/ha respectively), among middle-ripening the cultivars Cacakska Najbolia (17,57 t/ha), Yantarna Mliivska (17,40 t/ha), Zamanchyva (15,89 t/ha) and the hybrid form № 12516 (15,66 t/ha), late-ripening cv Bluefree (16,35 t/ha) and the hybrid № 8124 (Prestige – 16,18 t/ha) under the similar cultivation conditions.

Impact of the biological preparation Extrakon on photosynthetic apparatus, enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes and performance of spring wheat plants in the host-pathogen system

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
G. Guliayeva ◽  
I. Tokovenko ◽  
L. Pasichnyk ◽  
M. Patyka
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Aim. A complex study of the impact of the consortium of humus-forming microorganisms in the composition of the biological preparation Extrakon, introduced into the rhizosphere, on the intact plants and plants, infected with phytopathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and Acholeplasma laid- lawii var. granulum st.118. Methods. Microbiological, physiological and biochemical, biophysical, statistical. The impact of the multifunctional biological preparation Extrakon, introduced into the soil, was studied using physiological and biochemical indices, in particular, catalase and peroxidase activity of tissues and the content of chlorophylls a and b, the photochemical activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and the grain performance of the intact spring wheat plants, Pechernianka cultivar, and plants, infected with phytopathogenic microorgan- isms P. syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and A. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118. Results. The application of the consortium of humus-forming microorganisms in the composition of the biological preparation Extrakon resulted in registered stabilizing protective impact on the pigment composition of the leaves of spring wheat plants and their photochemical activity, especially when infected with phytopathogenic bacteria. If the wheat plants were in- fected on the background of the introduction of preparation Extrakon into the soil, the losses in grain performance were reduced. Conclusions. The biological preparation Extrakon neutralizes the destructive effect, conditioned by the phytopathogens of species P. syringae pv. atrofaciens st. 9771 and A. laidlawii var. granulum st. 118, on the photosynthetic apparatus of the host plant. This impact leads to the increase in the content of pigments in the leaves and induces the development of the resistance to damage in the conditions of the oxidative stress with the increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes activity, especially catalase, in the tissues. This is accompanied with the increase in the photosynthetic activity of leaves and the grain performance of plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Nutritional Stress on some Mineral Nutrients and Photosynthetic Apparatus of Zea mays L. and Vigna unguiculata L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU ◽  
Adelusi Ajayi ADELUSI
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

The study investigated the responses of maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) seedlings metabolic activities and photosynthetic apparatus to nitrogen nutritional stress. Germination of seeds was done using treated sand in sixty plastic pots and the seedlings were divided into four nutrient regimes. A group of the seedlings was nutrient stressed by administering 200 ml of complete nutrient solution minus nitrogen (-N) while the other groups were fed with five times (X5N) and ten times (X10N) the optimal concentration of nitrogen and the last regime was fed with full nutrient solution (FN). The photosynthetic parameters studied included chlorophylls ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively; carotenes and xanthophyll while the mineral elements investigated include potassium, calcium and magnesium. The result of the growth analysis showed that nitrogen deficiency promotes an increase in the content of abscisic acid (ABA), causing stomatal closure and a reduction in photosynthesis. This explains the higher rate of leaf abscission in -N plants. A comparison of calcium ion and magnesium ion concentrations in both optimal and stressed conditions reveals that the two ions show antagonism in uptake. There is a correlation between nitrogen and magnesium accumulation as magnesium ion plays a vital role in chlorophyll biosynthesis, protein synthesis and photosynthesis. The pattern of accumulation of photosynthetic apparatus in both maize and cowpea follow a similar pattern. Chlorophyll a dictated the growth pattern of other photosynthetic apparatus in both Zea mays and Vigna unguiculata.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BACTERIAL TREATMENTS ON GROWTH INDICATORS, THE LEVEL OF CHLOROPHYLL AND MALONDIALDEHYDE IN PLANTS OF MOGAR SETARIA ITALICA IN CONDITIONS OF WATER DEFICIENCY

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-239
Author(s):  
M.D. Timergalin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Feoktistova ◽  
T.V. Rameev ◽  
T.Yu. Korshunova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The impact of Pseudomonas koreensis IB-4, Pseudomonas sp. UOM 10, Enterobacter ludwigii BLK, synthesizing indolylacetic acid on the growth and biochemical parameters of the forage plant mogar (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) when modeling water scarcity in laboratory conditions was evaluated. All the strains used had a positive effect on the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing the total content of chlorophylls a and b and preventing the development of oxidative stress caused by drought by reducing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA),, which, ultimately, was expressed in the accumulation of raw shoot mass in plants.

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