Effects of mining industry waste waters on a shallow lake ecosystem in Karelia, north-west Russia

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Thomassen, B., Kyed, J., Steenfelt, A., & Tukiainen, T. (1999). Upernavik 98: reconnaissance mineral exploration in North-West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 183, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v183.5203 _______________ The Upernavik 98 project is a one-year project aimed at the acquisition of information on mineral occurrences and potential in North-West Greenland between Upernavik and Kap Seddon, i.e. from 72°30′ to 75°30′N (Fig. 1A). A similar project, Karrat 97, was carried out in 1997 in the Uummannaq region 70°30′–72°30′N (Steenfelt et al. 1998a). Both are joint projects between the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP), Government of Greenland, and wholly funded by the latter. The main purpose of the projects is to attract the interest of the mining industry. The field work comprised systematic drainage sampling, reconnaissance mineral exploration and spectroradiometric measurements of rock surfaces.

Download Full-text

Qaanaaq 2001: mineral exploration reconnaissance in North-West Greenland

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin ◽

10.34194/ggub.v191.5141 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 133-143

Author(s):

Bjørn Thomassen ◽

Peter R. Dawes ◽

Agnete Steenfelt ◽

Johan Ditlev Krebs

Keyword(s):

Mineral Exploration ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Field Work ◽

Original Series ◽

West Greenland ◽

North West ◽

Ice Caps ◽

High Plateau ◽

Set Up ◽

Inland Ice

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Thomassen, B., Dawes, P. R., Steenfelt, A., & Krebs, J. D. (2002). Qaanaaq 2001: mineral exploration reconnaissance in North-West Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 191, 133-143. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v191.5141 _______________ Project Qaanaaq 2001, involving one season’s field work, was set up to investigate the mineral occurrences and potential of North-West Greenland between Olrik Fjord and Kap Alexander (77°10´N – 78°10´N; Fig. 1). Organised by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and the Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP), Government of Greenland, the project is mainly funded by the latter and has the overall goal of attracting the interest of the mining industry to the region. The investigated region – herein referred to as the Qaanaaq region – comprises 4300 km2 of ice-free land centred on Qaanaaq, the administrative capital of Qaanaap (Thule) municipality. Much of the region is characterised by a 500–800 m high plateau capped by local ice caps and intersected by fjords and glaciers. High dissected terrain occurs in Northumberland Ø and in the hinterland of Prudhoe Land where nunataks are common along the margin of the Inland Ice.

Download Full-text

Antecedent lake conditions shape resistance and resilience of a shallow lake ecosystem following extreme wind storms

Limnology and Oceanography ◽

10.1002/lno.11859 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael W. Thayne ◽

Benjamin M. Kraemer ◽

Jorrit P. Mesman ◽

Bastiaan W. Ibelings ◽

Rita Adrian

Keyword(s):

Shallow Lake ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Extreme Wind ◽

Wind Storms

Download Full-text

Application of the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations Method in the Shallow Lake Ecological Degradation and Restoration

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2015/215367 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo Wang ◽

Qianqian Qi

Keyword(s):

Shallow Lake ◽

Sediment Resuspension ◽

Finite Amplitude ◽

Water Transparency ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Lake Ecosystems ◽

Ecological Degradation ◽

Parameter Condition ◽

Restoration Model ◽

Simple Combination

In the shallow lake ecosystems, the recovery of the aquatic macrophytes and the increase in the water transparency have been the main contents of the ecological restoration. Using the shallow lake ecological degradation and restoration model, CNOP method is adopted to discuss the instability and sensitivity of the ecosystem to the finite-amplitude perturbations related to the initial condition and the parameter condition. Results show that the linearly stable clear (turbid) water states can be nonlinearly unstable with the finite-amplitude perturbations, which represent the nature factors and the human activities such as the excessive harvest of the macrophytes and the sediment resuspension caused by artificially dynamic actions on the ecosystems. The results also support the viewpoint of Scheffer et al., whose emphasis is that the facilitation interactions between the submerged macrophytes and the water transparency are the main trigger for an occasional shift from a turbid to a clear state. Also, by the comparison with CNOP-I, CNOP-P, CNOP, and (CNOP-I, CNOP-P), results demonstrate that CNOP, which is not a simple combination of CNOP-I and CNOP-P, could induce the shallow lake ecosystem larger departure from the same ground state rather than CNOP-I, CNOP-P, and (CNOP-I, CNOP-P).

Download Full-text

High net CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> release at a eutrophic shallow lake on a formerly drained fen

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-13-3051-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3051-3070 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Daniela Franz ◽

Franziska Koebsch ◽

Eric Larmanou ◽

Jürgen Augustin ◽

Torsten Sachs

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Shallow Lake ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Open Water ◽

Emergent Vegetation ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Co2 Uptake ◽

Mild Winter ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Northeastern Germany

Abstract. Drained peatlands often act as carbon dioxide (CO2) hotspots. Raising the groundwater table is expected to reduce their CO2 contribution to the atmosphere and revitalise their function as carbon (C) sink in the long term. Without strict water management rewetting often results in partial flooding and the formation of spatially heterogeneous, nutrient-rich shallow lakes. Uncertainties remain as to when the intended effect of rewetting is achieved, as this specific ecosystem type has hardly been investigated in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) exchange. In most cases of rewetting, methane (CH4) emissions increase under anoxic conditions due to a higher water table and in terms of global warming potential (GWP) outperform the shift towards CO2 uptake, at least in the short term.Based on eddy covariance measurements we studied the ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of CH4 and CO2 at a shallow lake situated on a former fen grassland in northeastern Germany. The lake evolved shortly after flooding, 9 years previous to our investigation period. The ecosystem consists of two main surface types: open water (inhabited by submerged and floating vegetation) and emergent vegetation (particularly including the eulittoral zone of the lake, dominated by Typha latifolia). To determine the individual contribution of the two main surface types to the net CO2 and CH4 exchange of the whole lake ecosystem, we combined footprint analysis with CH4 modelling and net ecosystem exchange partitioning.The CH4 and CO2 dynamics were strikingly different between open water and emergent vegetation. Net CH4 emissions from the open water area were around 4-fold higher than from emergent vegetation stands, accounting for 53 and 13 g CH4 m−2 a−1 respectively. In addition, both surface types were net CO2 sources with 158 and 750 g CO2 m−2 a−1 respectively. Unusual meteorological conditions in terms of a warm and dry summer and a mild winter might have facilitated high respiration rates. In sum, even after 9 years of rewetting the lake ecosystem exhibited a considerable C loss and global warming impact, the latter mainly driven by high CH4 emissions. We assume the eutrophic conditions in combination with permanent high inundation as major reasons for the unfavourable GHG balance.

Download Full-text

Application of the CNOP Method in the Shallow Lake Ecosystem

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.658 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1010-1012 ◽

pp. 658-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qian Qian Qi ◽

Bo Wang

Keyword(s):

Ecological Restoration ◽

Shallow Lake ◽

Submerged Macrophytes ◽

Finite Amplitude ◽

Water Transparency ◽

Lake Ecosystem ◽

Initial Condition ◽

Turbid Water ◽

Variable Model

It is serious on the degradation of the shallow lake ecosystem at present, while the recovery of the macrophytes vegetations and the increase in water transparency have been the main contents of the ecological restoration. Using a two-variable model, we discuss the instability and sensitivity of the ecosystem to the finite-amplitude perturbations related to the initial condition with CNOP-I method. Results show that the linearly stable clear (turbid) water states can be nonlinearly unstable with the finite-amplitude perturbations. The results also demonstrate that the facilitation interactions between the submerged macrophytes and the water transparency are the main trigger for a shift from the turbid to the clear state.

Download Full-text