A Hierarchy of Multinomial Models for Multidimensional Source Monitoring

Methodology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Model Comparisons ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Tree Models

Abstract. Several models have been proposed for the measurement of cognitive processes in source monitoring. They are specified within the statistical framework of multinomial processing tree models and differ in their assumptions on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information. In the present article, a hierarchical relationship is demonstrated between multinomial models for crossed source information ( Meiser & Bröder, 2002 ), for partial source memory ( Dodson, Holland, & Shimamura, 1998 ) and for several sources ( Batchelder, Hu, & Riefer, 1994 ). The hierarchical relationship allows model comparisons and facilitates the specification of identifiability conditions. Conditions for global identifiability are discussed, and model comparisons are illustrated by reanalyses and by a new experiment on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information.

Analyzing Stochastic Dependence of Cognitive Processes in Multidimensional Source Recognition

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Stochastic Dependence ◽  
New Model ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Flexible Framework

Stochastic dependence among cognitive processes can be modeled in different ways, and the family of multinomial processing tree models provides a flexible framework for analyzing stochastic dependence among discrete cognitive states. This article presents a multinomial model of multidimensional source recognition that specifies stochastic dependence by a parameter for the joint retrieval of multiple source attributes together with parameters for stochastically independent retrieval. The new model is equivalent to a previous multinomial model of multidimensional source memory for a subset of the parameter space. An empirical application illustrates the advantages of the new multinomial model of joint source recognition. The new model allows for a direct comparison of joint source retrieval across conditions, it avoids statistical problems due to inflated confidence intervals and does not imply a conceptual imbalance between source dimensions. Model selection criteria that take model complexity into account corroborate the new model of joint source recognition.

Cognitive psychometrics: Assessing storage and retrieval deficits in special populations with multinomial processing tree models.

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Riefer ◽  
Bethany R. Knapp ◽  
William H. Batchelder ◽  
Donald Bamber ◽  
Victor Manifold
Keyword(s):  
Special Populations ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree Models ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Tree Models

Measuring Source Memory

2007 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Bröder ◽  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Memory Item ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Review Model

Abstract. The investigation of source monitoring (SM) as a special faculty of episodic memory has gained much attention in recent years. However, several measures of source memory have been used in research practice that show empirical and theoretical shortcomings: First, they often confound various cognitive processes like source memory, item memory and response bias, and second, they do not do justice to the multitude of processes involved in SM according to the framework of Johnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay (1993) . We therefore review model-based measurement approaches, focusing on multinomial models, and we distinguish between theorizing about source memory and the pragmatics of source memory measurement as two partly separate goals of research. Whereas signal detection models seem to be more adequate theories of the underlying source monitoring process, multinomial models have some pragmatic advantages that nevertheless recommend them as viable measurement tools.

Inconsistency effects in source memory and compensatory schema-consistent guessing

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2042-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Küppers ◽  
Ute J. Bayen
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Memory Item ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree Models ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Separate Source

The attention–elaboration hypothesis of memory for schematically unexpected information predicts better source memory for unexpected than expected sources. In three source-monitoring experiments, the authors tested the occurrence of an inconsistency effect in source memory. Participants were presented with items that were schematically either very expected or very unexpected for their source. Multinomial processing tree models were used to separate source memory, item memory, and guessing bias. Results show an inconsistency effect in source memory accompanied by a compensatory schema-consistent guessing bias when expectancy strength is high, that is, when items are very expected or very unexpected for their source.

Assessing the Validity of Multinomial Models Using Extraneous Variables: An Application to Prospective Memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2194-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Rummel ◽  
C. Dennis Boywitt ◽  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Memory Research ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Prospective Memory Performance

The class of multinomial processing tree (MPT) models has been used extensively in cognitive psychology to model latent cognitive processes. Critical for the usefulness of a MPT model is its psychological validity. Generally, the validity of a MPT model is demonstrated by showing that its parameters are selectively and predictably affected by theoretically meaningful experimental manipulations. Another approach is to test the convergent validity of the model parameters and other extraneous measures intended to measure the same cognitive processes. Here, we advance the concept of construct validity (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955) as a criterion for model validity in MPT modelling and show how this approach can be fruitfully utilized using the example of a MPT model of event-based prospective memory. For that purpose, we investigated the convergent validity of the model parameters and established extraneous measures of prospective memory processes over a range of experimental settings, and we found a lack of convergent validity between the two indices. On a conceptual level, these results illustrate the importance of testing convergent validity. Additionally, they have implications for prospective memory research, because they demonstrate that the MPT model of event-based prospective memory is not able to differentiate between different processes contributing to prospective memory performance.

Multinomial Processing Tree Models

2009 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Erdfelder ◽  
Tina-Sarah Auer ◽  
Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽  
André Aßfalg ◽  
Morten Moshagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Log Linear

Multinomial processing tree (MPT) models have become popular in cognitive psychology in the past two decades. In contrast to general-purpose data analysis techniques, such as log-linear models or other generalized linear models, MPT models are substantively motivated stochastic models for categorical data. They are best described as tools (a) for measuring the cognitive processes that underlie human behavior in various tasks and (b) for testing the psychological assumptions on which these models are based. The present article provides a review of MPT models and their applications in psychology, focusing on recent trends and developments in the past 10 years. Our review is nontechnical in nature and primarily aims at informing readers about the scope and utility of MPT models in different branches of cognitive psychology.

Metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements: The role of perceived differences in item recognition

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser ◽  
Christine Sattler ◽  
Ulrich Von Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Monitoring Model ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Different Sources

This research investigated the hypothesis that metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements are based on the recognition or nonrecognition of an event together with perceived or expected differences in the recognizability of events from different sources. The hypothesis was tested with a multinomial source-monitoring model that allowed separation of source-guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items. Experiments 1A and 1B manipulated the number of item presentations as relevant source information and revealed differential guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items, with a bias to attribute unrecognized items to the source associated with poor item recognition. Experiments 2A and 2B replicated the findings with a manipulation of presentation time and extended the analysis to subjective differences in item recognition. Experiments 3A and 3B used more natural source information by varying type of acoustic signal and demonstrated that subjective theories about differences in item recognition are sufficient to elicit differential source-guessing biases for recognized and unrecognized items. Together the findings provide new insights into the cognitive processes underlying source memory decisions, which involve episodic memory and reconstructive tendencies based on metacognitive beliefs and general world knowledge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document