A 16th CENTURY TRADING BOOK AS A SOURCE OF MINERALOGICAL KNOWLEDGE

Торговая книга XVI в. рассмотрена в качестве самостоятельного источника с целью изучения характера минералогических познаний, существовавших у наших предков в XVI-XVII вв. Выполнено сопоставление камней, упоминаемых в книге, с реальными минералами, в т. ч. на основе анализа упоминаемых минералогических характеристик. Отмечено, что в памятнике описываются, прежде всего, реальные минералогические свойства, в отличие от современных ему «лечебников» и «травников», а также памятников официальной и отреченной книжности. В качестве основного приема для отличия наиболее дорогих камней от менее ценных использовалось такое свойство как твердость. Это свойство минералов и сейчас широко применяется для их диагностики на основе 10-балльной шкалы твердости Мооса. Автор Торговой книги предлагает использовать для определения наиболее дорогих минералов своеобразные «эталоны» - обломки достоверных драгоценных камней (яхонт, лал, изумруд). Весьма важно упоминание наждака как материала для обработки ювелирных камней. В совокупности с находками необработанных ювелирных камней в слоях XVI-XVII вв. это подтверждает наличие собственных мастерских по их обработке. A trading book of the 16th century was analyzed as a separate source with a view of exploring the nature of mineralogical knowledge that our ancestors living in the 16th-17th centuries had. The analysis included comparison of the stones mentioned in the book with genuine minerals including review of the listed mineralogical characteristics. The paper notes that the book describes primarily true mineralogical properties in contrast to books of home remedies and books of herbal cures as well as books of official and prohibited booklore. The main method to distinguish between the most precious stones and less valuable ones is based on analysis of stone hardness. This mineral property is still widely used for their diagnostics based on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, with scale number from 1 to 10. The author of the trading book suggests to use special “standards” for determining the most precious minerals such as fragments of true gemstones (jachont, lal, and emerald). It is rather important that he mentions emery as material for processing precious stones. Along with the finds of unprocessed gemstones in the layers of the 16th<-17th centuries it is an evidence of existence of jewelry workshops.

Establishment of Base Interactions of Select Genus Between Multiple Chick Sources in Differential Housing

BackgroundMicrobial communities in the gut are influenced and shaped by both an individual’s interactions with their environment and the interactions of their progenitors. In chickens, this includes the hatchery they originated from, as well as the environment in which the egg was laid. This study aimed to establish the extent to which the microbial communities of source hatcheries influenced the microbiome of broilers over time by placing birds from two separate source hatcheries (HA,HB) in to both a floor pen and battery cage system as three distinct populations HA, HB, and mixed population (MP). MP was made up of half HA individuals and half HB individuals. Samples of the midgut (defined as the area between the duodenal loop and Meckel’s diverticulum) and the ceca were taken at day 0, 5, and 14 for battery cage birds, and day 0,5,14, 16, 21, 28, and 48 for floor raised birds.ResultsBirds from HA and HB both displayed distinct microbial communities in day 0 samples and retained some of these characteristics through day 48. Furthermore MP samples seemed to be influenced more by the microbiome of the source hatchery that displayed a higher number of OTUs at day zero. More diverse day 0 microbiomes also seemed more resistant to larger shifts in community composition as time progressed. There is some indication that parental diet also shaped the microbiomes of the broiler chickens, with the genus Bacteroides appearing in HB (parent stock fed non-vegetarian diet) populations as early as day 5, MP day 14, and finally appearing in HA (parent stock feed vegetarian diet) at day 21.ConclusionsThe results suggest that there may be a net positive effect on the microbiome of a flock by placing birds with strong day 0 microbial communities in a mixed flock with those with weak or non-beneficial microbial communities.

Radiation modes of propeller tonal noise

This paper focuses on the radiation modes and efficiency of propeller tonal noise. The thickness noise and loading noise model of propellers has been formulated in spherical coordinates, thereby simplifying numerical evaluation of the integral noise source. More importantly, the radiation field can be decomposed and projected to spherical harmonics, which can separate source-observer positions and enable an analysis of sound field structures. Thanks to the parity of spherical harmonics, the proposed model can mathematically explain the fact that thrusts only produce antisymmetric sound waves with respect to the rotating plane. In addition, the symmetric components of the noise field can be attributed to the thickness, as well as drags and radial forces acting on the propeller surface. The radiation efficiency of each mode decays rapidly as noise sources approach the rotating centre, suggesting the radial distribution of aerodynamic loadings should be carefully designed for low-noise propellers. The noise prediction model has been successfully applied to a drone propeller and achieved a reliable agreement with experimental measurements. The flow variables employed as an input of the noise computation were obtained with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the experimental data were measured in an anechoic chamber.

Magnesite and bauxite ores as petrophysical objects of spectral-grade estimation based on electrometry (from the archives of oxide-metric exploration in the Ural deposits)

Research subject. Distribution of magnesite and bauxite ores in mining blocks of deposits according to electrical conductivity in connection with signals of scattered phases of Ca, Mg and Al oxides. Petrophysical objects and differentiation of the properties of oxides detected in the boundary area and at the boundary with dielectrics, the semiconductor range in the geochemical environment of metamorphic formations from carbonate sediments.Materials and methods. An approach of searching for stationary features was applied. First, a study at the elemental level (review) was undertaken. Further, the authors’ electrometric measurements of the deposits were analyzed. Results. In the review part, the analysis of the metal constants – the relative electronegativity of the OEO (Luo and Benson scale), the electronic potentials E0, and the relationship of electrical resistance and pressure in pure elements was performed. The inversion of the properties of CaO ↔ MgO was revealed (for the first time in 2002–2004); Ca was identified as a reducing agent (CaO is a solid dielectric), which contradicts the current ideas about the comparative additivity of light Mg. It was established that MgO is a separate source of semiconductor carriers. Favourable conditions for studying the conductivity during the experimental part of the work were the absolute exchange increments of ore oxides at geological contacts. The properties of ores, rocks and oxides were measured and calculated. The relationships of the varietal growth of conductivity with compaction, increased basicity and magnetic susceptibility (magnetization) were predicted. This, in turn, provides a basis for studying cores, samples from debris, shredding and recycled geo-material, including concentrates, tailings and waste.Conclusions. The spectral properties of scattered oxides with atomic numbers ≤ 20 were identified. The activation effect of MgO and Al2O3 in the ionic medium (CaCO3 = CaO+CO2) was noted. In the phenomena of the semiconductor nature (n- and psources), a version of the donor-acceptor mechanism was proposed. The established properties are a factor in the implementation of measuring identification of oxides and ore grades in the conditions of deposits, both in the estimates of carbonate chemical types of terrigenous fossils, and plagioclase-pyroxene – in igneous ones. Varietal exploration and prototype electrometry were discussed from the standpoint of high-precision interpretation in the potential and replenishment combination of various petrophysical meters.

Design and Implementation of Solar Panel MPPT with Inverter and Battery Towards Load Side

In India the requirement and availability of energy for power supply is 11,14408 million units and 10,90850 million units for 2015-16 and we also know that the human activities is mostly dependent on electrical power supply. The above fact clearly shows that the supply is not meeting the demand. As a result frequent power-cut is done and interrupted power supply is provided. The alternative for this problem is to switch towards renewable energy resources. Four different sources i.e. mains, generator, solar and inverter are used to provide uninterrupted power supply. Using the solar energy as one of the power source provides the solution for low energy resources since it is a non-renewable source of energy. The second objective of work is to provide automation which make the work faster, reliable, efficient, and reduce human efforts. Microcontroller (PIC/AT89C51) is used to provide automation in the switching between four different sources. The automation system used for switching requires separate source to provide an output signal which will operate the four different relays connected to sources respectively

Real-Time Nuisance Fault Detection in Photovoltaic Generation Systems Using a Fine Tree Classifier

Nuisance faults are caused by weather events, which result in solar farms being disconnected from the electricity grid. This results in long stretches of downtime for troubleshooting as data are mined manually for possible fault causes, and consequently, cost thousands of dollars in lost revenue and maintenance. This paper proposes a novel fault detection technique to identify nuisance faults in solar farms. To initialize the design process, a weather model and solar farm model are designed to generate both training and testing data. Through an iterative design process, a fine tree model with a classification accuracy of 96.7% is developed. The proposed model is successfully implemented and tested in real-time through a server and web interface. The testbed is capable of streaming in data from a separate source, which emulates a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) or weather station, then classifies the data in real-time and displays the output on another computer (which imitates an operator control room).

Porting CMS Heterogeneous Pixel Reconstruction to Kokkos

Programming for a diverse set of compute accelerators in addition to the CPU is a challenge. Maintaining separate source code for each architecture would require lots of effort, and development of new algorithms would be daunting if it had to be repeated many times. Fortunately there are several portability technologies on the market such as Alpaka, Kokkos, and SYCL. These technologies aim to improve the developer’s productivity by making it possible to use the same source code for many different architectures. In this paper we use heterogeneous pixel reconstruction code from the CMS experiment at the CERNL LHC as a realistic use case of a GPU-targeting HEP reconstruction software, and report experience from prototyping a portable version of it using Kokkos. The development was done in a standalone program that attempts to model many of the complexities of a HEP data processing framework such as CMSSW. We also compare the achieved event processing throughput to the original CUDA code and a CPU version of it.

Integrated poultry-fish farming in Bangladesh.

The integration of fish culture with poultry raising holds great promise and potential for augmenting production of animal protein, betterment of the economy, and generation of employment in rural Bangladesh. In integrated poultry-fish farming, droppings of birds and feed wastes are recycled in ponds for production of fish. By raising 500 chickens in a poultry shed over a 1 hectare pond, a production of 4,000 kg-1 ha-1 yr-1 of fish was obtained. In addition, up to 240 eggs were obtained per bird per year. Broiler-fish is more profitable than layer-fish farming, as the broilers grow fast and are more marketable within 6-8 weeks, thus ensuring a quick cash return for the farmers. A significantly higher production of 4,290 kg-1 ha-1 yr-1 was observed from experimental ponds receiving poultry droppings directly compared to ponds fertilized with manure obtained from a separate source with a production of 3,365 kg-1 ha-1 yr-1.

Baromembrane method for analysis of ultra-low concentrations of radionuclides in water samples

This paper demonstrates the use of the baromembrane method for measuring ultra-low concentrations of radionuclides in water of freshwater reservoirs. The relevance is due to the need to determine radionuclides introduction into water cooling ponds used by enterprises of nuclear fuel cycle. Radionuclides of natural and technogenic origin, not associated with enterprise discharge, are always present in water cooling ponds, forming a natural or technogenic altered background. Its presence often makes it difficult to identify contribution of enterprise’s discharge to water activity, since routine monitoring methods are characterized by a very high detection limit for radionuclides. Traditional methods for determining background radionuclides concentrations require sampling of at least 500 L of water, followed by their evaporation to get a dry residue. This procedure takes at least 5 days. It is possible to reduce time and energy spent on vaporizing hundreds of liters of water by pre-concentrating radionuclides in a smaller sample volume with the baromembrane method. To demonstrate this method, a portable installation with osmotic membranes was used being characterized with initial productivity of 6.0 L·min−1. The osmotic membranes separate source water sample into two components: demineralized permeate and concentrate, containing radioactive substances. This method allows preliminary concentration of water samples from 500 to 20 L in 10–15 hours with minimal losses of radionuclides (time period depends on water mineralization level). The method is universal; it can be used for concentration of dissolved salts of any heavy metals and other organic compounds. It allows preparation of water countable samples in much shorter time that traditional method (evaporation).

A Visuomotor Model Enhances Human Position Sense

Integrating information from multiple sources reduces uncertainty. Besides sensory input, animals have access to another source of information about their body and the environment, i.e., their own motor commands, which alter the body and environment in a predictable way. Does this predictability reduce perceptual uncertainty, i.e., variance? Participants moved their unseen arm and reported movement endpoint locations. In two conditions, a predictive model of visuomotor contingencies could either be fully formed, and used for this estimation, or remained incomplete. This was achieved through context trials that provided visual endpoint feedback at a predictable vs. unpredictable latency, while carrying identical spatial information. In two experiments, we found that endpoint estimation was less variable when a full, spatiotemporal, model could be formed. Higher perceptual precision was paralleled by enhanced movement accuracy. We conclude that a visuomotor model provides a separate source of information, additional to sensory input, which enhances human position sense.