Feeling Bad and Doing Good

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Watanabe ◽  
Sean M. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Systematic Examination

Abstract. Previous forgiveness research has mostly focused on victims’ forgiveness of transgressors, and offenders’ post-transgression efforts intended to promote victim forgiveness have been collectively branded as apology. However, decisions concerning forgiveness frequently occur outside of dyadic contexts, and the unique roles of repentance and atonement in determining forgivability of offenders, despite their preeminence in theology and law, have received little empirical attention. Across five experiments ( N = 938), we show that repentance and atonement independently influence third-party perception of forgivability for a variety of harms, even in disinterested contexts. Our findings provide a systematic examination of decisions about forgivability disentangled from direct personal involvement, demonstrating that components of apology known to facilitate forgiveness in victims also increase perceived forgivability from unharmed observers.

Status moves: Evaluations and effectiveness of status behaviors

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Hee Young Kim ◽  
Nathan C. Pettit ◽  
Laura E. Reitman
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Status Hierarchy ◽  
Versus Group ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Gain Loss

This paper examines reactions of in-group members and third-party observers to behaviors people perform to affect the status hierarchy of their group (i.e., status moves). We understand status hierarchies to be “negotiated,” where “status moves” are a means to negotiate the group’s informal order. Results indicate that the valence (positive vs. negative) and context (initiating vs. reacting) of the status move interactively affect observers’ reactions (Studies 1 and 3), and that these reactions are explained by perceptions of the actor’s self- versus group concern (Studies 1–2 and 4) in both experimental as well as more naturalistic contexts. Specifically, initiating status moves elicit stronger reactions, with positive/negative initiating moves resulting in recommendations of greater reward/punishment and status gain/loss for the actor (Studies 1 and 3) than reacting moves. Overall, we offer a first systematic examination of status moves and how people perceive and react to them.

scholarly journals Exploring the dark side of interpersonal relationships between buyers and suppliers of logistics services

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arno Meyer ◽  
Wesley Niemann ◽  
Theuns Kotzé
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Business Partnerships ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Supply Logistics

Background: Individuals share information and form relationships to improve collaboration and joint organisational performance. However, managing these interpersonal relationships within a supply chain management perspective is one of the lesser understood and researched areas within this discipline.Objectives: The research was aimed to investigate the negative effects of interpersonal relationships between those individuals who represent organisations that buy and supply logistics services.Method: The research was carried out by the use of a descriptive qualitative research design. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 suppliers and 8 buyers of logistic services within the South African third party logistics industry.Findings: Firstly, the results indicate that the primary reason for interpersonal relationships is firstly for improved professional interest and secondly for genuine friendships. Without continuing commitment or intention to maintain the interpersonal relationship between these individuals, it is not possible to sustain the associated benefits of forming interpersonal relationships. Secondly, the findings indicate that enhanced trust, within interpersonal relationships, is similar to business-to-business partnerships which evolve through stages of exploration, formalisation and maturity. Organisations should rather focus to improve competence-based trust than individual interpersonal trust. Thirdly, relationship asymmetry, gender differences and the aptitude to adjust to disparate personalities may steer the interpersonal relationship towards the dark side. Lastly, the benefits of interpersonal relationships have been proven; however, these interpersonal relationships may be difficult to manage over time and can also be the foundation of suboptimal decisions if the relationship takes precedence over business interest.Conclusion: Managers should not underestimate the potential hegemony between individuals who have interpersonal relationships. Relationships require upkeep, personal involvement, attention and trust. Interpersonal relationship intentions without formal safety measures, such as organisational governance and policies, can expose and even diminish the strongest organisational alliances to suboptimal performance and reduced profitability.

scholarly journals Judging extreme forgivers: How victims are perceived when they forgive the unforgivable

2021 ◽  
pp. 026975802110280
Author(s):  
Judy Eaton ◽  
Jenniffer Olenewa ◽  
Cole Norton
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Personal Involvement

When one individual commits a transgression or aggressive act against another, third parties often have expectations about how the victim should respond, even when they do not have any personal involvement in the event. When their justice expectations are violated, such as when a victim forgives the offender for an act that third parties deem too heinous to forgive, third parties may react in a way that is critical of the victim. This research examines how third-party observers react when victims forgive seemingly ‘unforgivable’ offences. Study 1, a scenario-based experiment, showed that although third parties were not directly critical of a forgiving victim, they did not agree with the decision to forgive. Study 2 replicated these findings and explored in more depth third parties’ justice-related feelings about the transgression and the victim, using both quantitative and qualitative data. Results suggest that although third parties are reluctant to directly criticize ‘extreme’ forgivers, they are not supportive of their decision to forgive. This could have implications for victims, who may interpret this disagreement with their choice as a lack of support.

The many faces of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract My response to the commentaries focuses on four issues: (1) the diversity both within and between cultures of the many different faces of obligation; (2) the possible evolutionary roots of the sense of obligation, including possible sources that I did not consider; (3) the possible ontogenetic roots of the sense of obligation, including especially children's understanding of groups from a third-party perspective (rather than through participation, as in my account); and (4) the relation between philosophical accounts of normative phenomena in general – which are pitched as not totally empirical – and empirical accounts such as my own. I have tried to distinguish comments that argue for extensions of the theory from those that represent genuine disagreement.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

Coding for Evaluation and Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kander ◽  
Steve White
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Coding Rules ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
The Web

Abstract This article explains the development and use of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes, CPT procedure codes, and HCPCS supply/device codes. Examples of appropriate coding combinations, and Coding rules adopted by most third party payers are given. Additionally, references for complete code lists on the Web and a list of voice-related CPT code edits are included. The reader is given adequate information to report an evaluation or treatment session with accurate diagnosis, procedure, and supply/device codes. Speech-language pathologists can accurately code services when given adequate resources and rules and are encouraged to insert relevant codes in the medical record rather than depend on billing personnel to accurately provide this information. Consultation is available from the Division 3 Reimbursement Committee members and from [email protected] .

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