personal involvement
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2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
Lucija Mulej

This paper addresses the theory of knowledge in relativistic terms of Paul Feyerabend, stressing the importance of personal involvement in the research and theorizing. Since the topic is a constant and widely accepted premise the author is insisting that it has been actually ignored in the sociology and philosophy of science. It is apparent in discursive form, neglected in actual consequences for science in general. Defending the thesis of relativism had remained unacknowledged by the general scientific community. Biographies of mavericks and their struggle and exclusion from scientific community etc. had been constant in the history of science. Is science nowadays able to accept criticism and implement arguments of knowledge beyond the institutionalized standards? Throughout this article we argue that personal involvement creates biased scientific facts; acknowledging and applying tacit knowledge we move beyond personal involvement and create appropriate interpretations of facts and phenomena under investigation, where we reconsider the construction of facts and personal beliefs, knowing that our fields of expertise are incommensurable.


Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Svetlana Karassyova ◽  
Ilya Tarkan

Based on several scientific publications, a limited number of news from the 1980s up until 2021 and a series of in-depth interviews with devotees in 2006–2021, the authors of the paper managed to restore the history of Bengal Vaishnavism distribution in Belarus for the first time. Specific attributes of its introduction to the country were: (1) philosophical requests from the local citizens, not immigration of its original bearers; (2) a long period of spontaneous distribution in the form of personal involvement with Vaishnava ideas and, hence, late institutionalization of the movement. The main stages of Vaishnavism development in Belarus were distinguished: (1) 1980s, the Soviet period: introduction of Vaishnava ideas and practices within individual self-identification of the members of small groups; (2) 1990s, the post-Soviet period: forming organizational structure of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) in Belarus; (3) 2000s: spiritual and administrative crises and reformation of the systems of administration and practice creation of the institute of curating the newly converted devotees; (4) 2010s: search for and establishment of the new models of serving, the out-of-temple bhakti practice, in particular; further popularization of the Vaishnava movement and community in Belarus. The main source of information on the history of Vaishnavism distribution in Belarus were in-depth interviews with the members of the community standing at its origin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Vasilii V. Shchepkin

The first knowledge about Peter the Great seems to penetrate into Japan during the lifetime of this Russian emperor, as early as the beginning of the 18th century. However, it was only after first attempts of Siberian merchants to start trade relations with Japan’s northernmost domain of Matsumae when Japanese intellectuals began to study Russia and its history. By the end of the century, the image of Peter the Great as an outstanding ruler had formed in Japan, with his main achievement being the expansion of the country’s territory, after which European Russia suddenly shared a border with northern Japan. Katsuragawa Hoshu, a court physician and the author of one of the first descriptions of Russia, might be the first Japanese who implied Peter the Great’s activities as a model for Japan, pointing out his politics in spreading the foreign trade. Japanese intellectuals of the first half of the 19th century continued to use Peter the Great’s reforms as a possible model for Japan. Watanabe Kazan (1793–1841) in his “Note about the Situation in Foreign Countries” used the Russian emperor as evidence of a leader’s role in winning nature-based and geographical obstacles in a country’s development. Aizawa Seishisai (1782–1863) and later Sakuma Shozan (1811–1864) pointed out Peter’s leadership qualities and personal involvement in reforms. Based on the study of Peter’s activities, Aizawa managed to create the program of Japan’s reforming known as the “New thesis” (“Shinron”, 1825), while Sakuma promoted the necessity of Western learning, especially the development of navy and artillery. This allows to assume a great influence of the study of Peter the Great and Russian history in formulating the ideas of a “rich country and strong army” that became a cornerstone of national ideology in Meiji Japan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Gao ◽  
Heng Jiang ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Yu Cheng

It is believed that stimulating the inspiration of short video consumers might be an effective way to attract and maintain the attention of consumers so that they are willing to respond positively to short video ads. Therefore, in order to explore the source of customer inspiration in short video and its cognitive psychological process, the text and grid data collected from an interview among 25 short video users have been qualitatively analyzed by Kelly Grid Technology in order to construct the formation path model of short video customer inspiration, and find out its source, triggering mechanism, and influencing factors. It is found that the inspiring informational content characteristics include richness, reliability, vividness, and fluency of emotional content characteristics, fun, novelty, and narrative. However, the characteristics of commercial content in short video ads hinder the inspiration of consumers. The study also reveals that an internal mechanism of inspiration stimulation is built on some cognitive processes (i.e., presence, processing fluency, perceived innovation, perceived convenience) generated by informational content, and emotional responses by emotional content (i.e., curiosity, surprise, enjoyment, etc.). In addition, it is shown that personal involvement enhances the relationship between the inspiring content characteristics and consumer inspiration. As a result, customer inspiration and engagement in short video ads are highly enriched. Findings provide implications for short video platforms and online marketers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-294
Author(s):  
Line Togsverd ◽  
Jan Jaap Rothuizen

In our research concerning the education of Danish pedagogues we found a common understanding that professionalism and personal involvement are not mutually exclusive, so we grapple with the relationship between them. We settle the problem with a reminder of the nature of education and upbringing as a cultural project based on values such as participation and emancipation: values that always have to be realized in unique situations. We argue that professionalism and personal involvement go hand in hand if they are embedded in communities of investigative practice, in which multiple forms of knowledge are brought into play.


HUMANITARIUM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
Nataliya Savelyuk ◽  
Margaryta Zagariychuk

The article carries out both theoretical and empirical analysis of some humanistic and psychological aspects of the functioning of network marketing in modern network society. In fact, the humanistic vector of research is represented in the importance of formulating and understanding of the problem of human search for a harmonious individual identity and ways of effective self-realization in a globalized and informatized society, in a massive environment of consumption and services; psychological and socio-psychological vectors consist of the study of individual characteristics of the Ukrainian population’s attitude to their own material status and some potential opportunities for its improvement. In particular, the analysis touches the phenomenon of «social psychology of poverty» as a lifestyle, which is often justified by the relevant philosophy of life and morality. The ambivalent components of the image of network marketing in modern society, as well as social and personal factors of attitude formation and personal involvement in this type of employment are revealed. According to the results of a pilot empirical study, it was stated that the dominant majority of online Ukrainian respondents (it was used the methods of «convenient sampling» and «snowball») has been self-identified as «average in their material status». At the same time, almost half consider wealth as mainly the result of their own persistence and activity. The dominant majority of respondents are at least partially informed about the network business, and a little over a third – «tried themselves» in this type of business. The most frequently identified associations with «network marketing» were «sale / sales» and «Internet», fit into his general denotative interpretations. However, about one in five respondents has some distrust of this method of earning, associated with «pyramidal» connotations and fear of «being deceived». And the same number of people trust network marketing instills concrete success and results of relevant activities.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Diem Trinh Thi Le

<p>Vietnam is an emerging tourist destination with rapid development in the tourism industry over the last decade. Well-known for the Vietnam War, it is expected that battlefield sites are among the country's main attractions for international tourists. However, to date, there has been no research examining visitors to battlefield sites in Vietnam. This study aims to contribute to filling this perceived gap by examining the visitors to the former Vietnamese De-militarised Zone (DMZ). Its objectives are: (1) to identify tourist motivations for visiting the DMZ, (2) to segment the DMZ visitors based on motivations, and (3) to determine the importance of battlefield sites in tourists' decision to travel to Vietnam. International visitors to the Vinh Moc Tunnels, a site often included in the DMZ tour, were chosen as a study sample. Data in this study was collected in an intercept self-completed questionnaire survey, which resulted in a sample of 481 respondents. Statistical analysis of the data was supplemented by content analysis of qualitative findings where appropriate. The findings show that respondents visited the DMZ for a variety of motivations. Five motivations were generated from the factor analysis of 22 quantitative motivational items namely: Personal involvement, Interest in war related sites and exhibitions, Education and exploration, Location and convenience, and Novelty seeking. These delineated motivations were supported and extended by respondents'  self-expressed motivations. Based on these motivations, three groups of visitors to the DMZ were identified using cluster analysis: the Battlefield Tourism Enthusiast, the Opportunist, and the Passive Tourist. These three visitors segments differed significantly in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, trip related characteristics, and especially travel decision-making. The Enthusiasts had the highest interest in visiting battlefield sites in Vietnam. The Opportunists tended to visit sites based on location and convenience, and the Passive Tourists indicated relatively low rankings for all reasons for visiting battlefield sites. This study also found that battlefield sites only played a small role in tourists' decision to visit Vietnam and that most tourists visited Vietnam for its culture, landscape and history. Several implications and recommendations arise from this study, including the need for continuing research on motivations for battlefield tourism in other countries. In addition, it is suggested that the educative function should be emphasised in developing battlefield sites as tourist attractions.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Diem Trinh Thi Le

<p>Vietnam is an emerging tourist destination with rapid development in the tourism industry over the last decade. Well-known for the Vietnam War, it is expected that battlefield sites are among the country's main attractions for international tourists. However, to date, there has been no research examining visitors to battlefield sites in Vietnam. This study aims to contribute to filling this perceived gap by examining the visitors to the former Vietnamese De-militarised Zone (DMZ). Its objectives are: (1) to identify tourist motivations for visiting the DMZ, (2) to segment the DMZ visitors based on motivations, and (3) to determine the importance of battlefield sites in tourists' decision to travel to Vietnam. International visitors to the Vinh Moc Tunnels, a site often included in the DMZ tour, were chosen as a study sample. Data in this study was collected in an intercept self-completed questionnaire survey, which resulted in a sample of 481 respondents. Statistical analysis of the data was supplemented by content analysis of qualitative findings where appropriate. The findings show that respondents visited the DMZ for a variety of motivations. Five motivations were generated from the factor analysis of 22 quantitative motivational items namely: Personal involvement, Interest in war related sites and exhibitions, Education and exploration, Location and convenience, and Novelty seeking. These delineated motivations were supported and extended by respondents'  self-expressed motivations. Based on these motivations, three groups of visitors to the DMZ were identified using cluster analysis: the Battlefield Tourism Enthusiast, the Opportunist, and the Passive Tourist. These three visitors segments differed significantly in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, trip related characteristics, and especially travel decision-making. The Enthusiasts had the highest interest in visiting battlefield sites in Vietnam. The Opportunists tended to visit sites based on location and convenience, and the Passive Tourists indicated relatively low rankings for all reasons for visiting battlefield sites. This study also found that battlefield sites only played a small role in tourists' decision to visit Vietnam and that most tourists visited Vietnam for its culture, landscape and history. Several implications and recommendations arise from this study, including the need for continuing research on motivations for battlefield tourism in other countries. In addition, it is suggested that the educative function should be emphasised in developing battlefield sites as tourist attractions.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-38
Author(s):  
Luboš Kropáček

The article provides a survey of ideas and initiatives advanced by Christian and Muslim religious leaders and believers towards a mutual religious rapprochement in the past more than fifty years. On the Christian side, the process was started at the Second Vatican Council and developed with the great personal involvement of all popes of the following half-century. Muslim positive initiatives, from official centres as well as from committed intellectuals, have appeared somewhat later and still have to combat hostile moves of partisans of radical Islamism. Our article discusses the culminating point reached so far in the positive efforts of Pope Francis in his meetings with the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar Sheikh Ahmad al-Tayyib, including their agreement on the fraternity as a desirable bond for all believers in God. Our reflections try to mark out the main points of understanding achieved by the two religious leaders in the document signed by them in Abu Dhabi in February 2019 and, thereafter, further developed by the Pope in his comprehensive encyclical Fratelli tutti, issued in Vatican on the feast of Saint Francis in October 2020.


Author(s):  
William J. B. Oldham

Introduction and Objectives: The results of simulations of the propagation of an infectious disease are presented. In managing and controlling the spread of an infectious disease, such as Covid-19, the concept of Herd Immunity (HI) is often invoked as to when the disease’s propagation will dwindle to acceptable levels. We have extended a previous work with explicit attention on the usefulness of this concept. The objectives of this research was to track the propagation of an infectious disease as a function of population density, time, and to evaluate HI. The population was divided into two groups. One group was protected from the infection. The second group was unprotected. The results are given as a percentage of the unprotected population that is infected as a function of time. Methods: The method used here was to use computer simulation on a person level to follow the progress of the diseases infection across the population. In the beginning, the people are uniformly distributed in a square. Each person performed a random walk, which simulated the movement of the people. Infection rates are given for the unprotected portion of the population as a function of time. The disease was transferred from an infected person to an uninfected person if the two people are closer together than a given distance. Results and Discussion: These simulations show the unprotected portion of the population was at total risk if proper measures are not taken early. For 400 unprotected people the infection rate is 100% after approximately 100,000 iterations. We give the results from one dual simulation in which protection was afforded for a significant part of the population and carried out until all of the unprotected were infected. In the second part the protection was lifted to see how fast the total population was infected. For the case of 50% protected it took 400,000 iterations to infect the unprotected people. After the restrictions were lifted it took 150,000 to infect the other half. The simulations here were people based which has the advantage of seeing individual personal involvement. Results of infection rates were calculated for 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 people. Conclusions: The propagation of the disease can be fast and depends on population density. Protection is vital to containing the disease. Restrictions must be lifted carefully and slowly or the total population is again at risk. According to the results obtained here the concept of HI is not a viable concept in controlling or managing the spread of the disease.


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