scholarly journals Intense surface currents in the tropical Pacific during 1996-1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (C8) ◽  
pp. 16673-16684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semyon A. Grodsky ◽  
James A. Carton

Author(s):  
Jessica Masich ◽  
William S. Kessler ◽  
Meghan F. Cronin ◽  
Karen R. Grissom




1996 ◽  
Vol 101 (C2) ◽  
pp. 3629-3647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Frankignoul ◽  
Fabrice Bonjean ◽  
Gilles Reverdin


Author(s):  
Judith A. Bennett

Coconuts provided commodities for the West in the form of coconut oil and copra. Once colonial governments established control of the tropical Pacific Islands, they needed revenue so urged European settlers to establish coconut plantations. For some decades most copra came from Indigenous growers. Administrations constantly urged the people to thin old groves and plant new ones like plantations, in grid patterns, regularly spaced and weeded. Local growers were instructed to collect all fallen coconuts for copra from their groves. For half a century, the administrations’ requirements met with Indigenous passive resistance. This paper examines the underlying reasons for this, elucidating Indigenous ecological and social values, based on experiential knowledge, knowledge that clashed with Western scientific values.



1901 ◽  
Vol 35 (412) ◽  
pp. 317-318


2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Il An ◽  
Jong-Seong Kug ◽  
Yoo-Geun Ham ◽  
In-Sik Kang

Abstract The multidecadal modulation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) due to greenhouse warming has been analyzed herein by means of diagnostics of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) and the eigenanalysis of a simplified version of an intermediate ENSO model. The response of the global-mean troposphere temperature to increasing greenhouse gases is more likely linear, while the amplitude and period of ENSO fluctuates in a multidecadal time scale. The climate system model outputs suggest that the multidecadal modulation of ENSO is related to the delayed response of the subsurface temperature in the tropical Pacific compared to the response time of the sea surface temperature (SST), which would lead a modulation of the vertical temperature gradient. Furthermore, an eigenanalysis considering only two parameters, the changes in the zonal contrast of the mean background SST and the changes in the vertical contrast between the mean surface and subsurface temperatures in the tropical Pacific, exhibits a good agreement with the CGCM outputs in terms of the multidecadal modulations of the ENSO amplitude and period. In particular, the change in the vertical contrast, that is, change in difference between the subsurface temperature and SST, turns out to be more influential on the ENSO modulation than changes in the mean SST itself.





2021 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 112181
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Devlin ◽  
Brett P. Lyons ◽  
Johanna E. Johnson ◽  
Jeremy M. Hills


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