scholarly journals Historical emissions of carbonaceous aerosols from biomass and fossil fuel burning for the period 1870-2000

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Ito ◽  
Joyce E. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Fuel Burning

scholarly journals XCO2 retrieved from IASI using KLIMA algorithm

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele Del Bianco ◽  
Bruno Carli ◽  
Marco Gai ◽  
Lucia Maria Laurenza ◽  
Ugo Cortesi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Fuel Burning

Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is the main greenhouse gas released into the Earth’s atmosphere by human activities. The concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere depends on the balance of natural sources and sinks, which are being perturbed by anthropogenic forcing due to fossil fuel burning, uncontrolled urban development, deforestation and other land use changes. An improvement in our understanding of processes responsible for absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> is urgently needed both for a reliable estimate of future CO<sub>2</sub> levels, and for the enforcement of effective international agreements for its containment. [...]

A Contribution to Detection of Humans Located in Closed Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 656 ◽  
pp. 450-457
Author(s):  
Stefan Cornak
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Fuel Burning ◽  
Measuring Outcomes ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Good Price

This paper deals with a detection of persons in closed areas. After a brief overview and providing a background the author focuses on the latest tools, which are available and on two examples explains the use of infrared spectrometry to arrive at the results. He points out the objectivity and rationality of the measuring outcomes as well as its commercial availability, simple control, relatively good price and the weight of the CO2 measuring instruments. The method described in the article has been neglected and is not used in the present time for a detection of humans located in closed areas although it can be easily used for human detection in the fight against terrorism, organized crime, detection of hidden immigrants but also for searching the involuntarily trapped people (earthquake, avalanche), too. It is necessary to produce the bleeder probe for air taking from the closed space for the implementation of this method to the practice. It is also important to notice, that the closed object air could be polluted by the pollutants from the external environment (e. g. from exhalation from the fossil fuel burning) and from the exhalations, which can transpire from the interior material (e. g. phthalates, formaldehydes) as suggested in the article. That is why the author recommends dealing more with this topic, including a closer co-operation with car makers, research laboratories and medical organizations.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene-Recent Atmospheric δ13C Record in C4 Grasses

Radiocarbon ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence J. Toolin ◽  
Christopher J. Eastoe
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Fuel Burning ◽  
The Mean

Samples of Setaria species from packrat middens, herbarium specimens and modern plants preserve a record of δ13C of atmospheric CO2 from 12,600 BP to the present. No secular trend is detected between 12,600 and 1800 BP, when the mean value of δ13C during that period was −6.5 ± 0.1‰ (the error is the standard deviation of the mean). Our value agrees with δ13C averages of pre-industrial CO2 from polar ice cores, and differs significantly from modern regional (-8.2 ± 0.1‰) and global (-7.7‰) values, which are higher because of fossil fuel burning.

Fuel Properties of a Two-Phase Biodiesel Emulsion

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Ning Ning Chu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Yu Jiu Ma ◽  
Jian Xun Wang ◽  
Xue Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fossil Fuel Burning ◽  
Fuel Burning

Biodiesel is one of the most promising alternative clean fuels to fossil fuel, which can effectively reduce the emissions from fossil fuel burning. The high oxygen content in biodiesel can promote the burning process, but it can also increase NOx formation simultaneously, when biodiesel is used as fuel. Fuel emulsification is considered to be effective in reducing NOx emissions. In this study, soybean oil was used as raw oil to produce biodiesel by transesterification reaction. The biodiesel product was then emulsified with water and emulsifying surfactant to form water-in-oil (w/o) biodiesel emulsion. The biodiesel emulsion composed of 1.5% polyoxyethylated castor oil (EL-12), 0.7% lethicin and 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was proved to have the better emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsifying stability (ES) values, and higher combustion heat than those of the neat biodiesel and reference biodiesel emulsion (with 2.7% EL-12 as the emulsifying surfactant).

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