Advances in Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Technology for Greywater Treatment: A Review

Advances in microfiltration and ultrafiltration technology for the treatment of greywater are important today because everything surrounding the use and preservation of water is an issue that increases in importance over the decades, and our planet will be seriously affected by the consequences of climate change, making water availability uncertain. Hence, wastewater recycling and its cyclical use have become a major topic in the scientific and engineering communities. The objective of this research is focused on compiling and updating all the advances in wastewater treatment, with emphasis on Greywater, in which components have a lower pollutant load than the rest of wastewater. In addition, microfiltration and ultrafiltration technologies were the technology selected to investigate in this investigation because they have the local potential for a second use of the wastewater before the discharge of contaminated water to the sanitation network. This research was carried out using words related to the exposed topic, such as “microfiltration”, “ultrafiltration”, “cleaning wastewater” and “greywater” in the search for documents in scientific search engines, selecting those that covered the topic and could be used to create this document. The results that were developed in this investigation, indicate that there is no generalized consensus on how to treat this greywater, nor how to qualify it. Additionally, it is important to note that despite the fact that urban greywater treatments have given good results, with the widespread use of bioreactors for this task, and the existence of various treatment alternatives for liquid waste that have shown good price-value ratio, studies related to greywater treatments using porosities are still in the incipient stages.

Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Natural Dye Extracted from Egyptian Cotton Leaves

Cotton leaves have been used to extract natural dye for dyeing of Egyptian cotton variety Giza 86 fabric and its blend with polyester 50:50, using different mordants such as iron (II) sulfate, copper (II) sulfate, and alum. The exhaust dyeing method was utilized using the pre-mordant technique. It is observed that both fabric samples can be dyed in different colors and depth of shades with Cotton leaves dye. Iron (II) sulfate ensures the best light fastness. Improved light fastness is obtained using abovementioned lower amounts of iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate. Alum is found to be less effective than iron (II) sulfate and copper (II) sulfate on the light fastness. As a novel alternative and potential natural dye, Cotton leaves extract solution can be used to get various colors and shades with satisfactory fastness properties. The mordanted and un-mordanted fabric samples were tested for their dyeing performance in terms of color parameters K/S, (L*), a*, b*, (C*) and (H*), and fastness properties (wash, perspiration, light and rubbing fastness) were studied. The samples showed high color strength, and high fastness properties. These results are very important for industrial application and with the production of a natural dye as an inexpensive source from cotton leaves as a by-product. Another objective is to increase the production of eco-textile garments with a good price for the Egyptian customers.

Ai Based Path Mopping Control for Automatic Floor Cleaning Bot

computerized flooring cleaner is a compact robotics device that affords floor cleansing service in rooms and massive workplaces decreasing human hard work. essentially, like a robotic, it eliminates human error and gives cleansing pastime with masses extra performance. If we ease the floor manually then there's an opportunity that the operator will leave a few elements of the ground. also due to the manual exertions concerned this is time-eating and annoying to ease the ground. additionally, in large places of work, the ground place is very massive and the human beings concerned there for cleaning motive can not easy it a bargain extra efficiently. that is the region the robot comes as a bonus. additionally, the robotic is small and compact in size. So we can elevate it and location it anywhere we will at the residence. additionally, in industries, the robot is a very good price as in assessment to manual hard work worried. the power, time-saving, and effectiveness make the robotic a smooth desire for cleaning the ground.

Reliability Problems of Micro-Electronic Encapsulations

Smaller, lighter, faster, cheaper are today demands; new technologies stack and interconnect materials and components are utilised to achieve high density, small size, low weight, reduced power, and very low cost. Particularly important in this context is the implementation of higher densities, reduced volume hand in hand with improved reliability. A good price-performance ratio is key.

Analisis Kepuasan Pelayanan dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pelanggan untuk Memilih Smartphone Samsung di Jabodetabek Menggunakan Metode IPA dan Model Kano

Smartphones are one of the must-have devices for modern society today. With the high demand for smartphones lately, many companies are competing to produce smartphones that suit consumer needs. Indonesia is one of the developing countries where the growth rate of smartphone use can still increase so that many smartphone manufacturers sell their products to Indonesia. From this phenomenon, researchers want to know the level of satisfaction of users of one of the leading smartphone brands in Indonesia and even in the world, namely Samsung. The purpose of this study is to determine what factors are considered good by customers and the company must maintain these services and what things are deemed not good and need to be improved again. This study uses the IPA method to determine the level of conformity between company services and customer expectations and the Kano model used to determine which services are included in the performance, basic, or delighter categories. From the results of these two methods can be integrated using the IPA-Kano integration table. Some things that still need to be improved from Samsung smartphones according to users who have filled out this questionnaire include good quality materials at a good selling price, attractive and modern product designs, product quality has a good price level, sufficient camera quality for purposes daily needs, and bonuses that make consumers satisfied.

Pelatihan homestay dan inovasi kuliner sebagai strategi pemberdayaan perempuan dalam pariwisata

The community service activities conducted in Srumbung Gunung was to involve women. Dusun Srumbung Gunung is developing a creative peace tourism village and the tourist products developed is a package program of live. In order to involve women in tourism, the training of homestay and culinary innovation was held, in which some women lost their job due to Covid 19 Pandemic. The method used was explorative qualitative with some stages. The first stage was to identify the house availability for homestay through interview and observation. Next was to identify the ingredient available and produced locally. The third stage was to research the type of snack which can be made with the available ingredient, good flavour and good price, easy to make with simple tools. Besides, the product can be produced as typical and unique food for tourists. Following this step was to choose women involved especially those who are interested in the food business and owning basic baking skill. The fifth step was the training of homestay with the concept of Clean, Healthy, Safe and Environmentally Sustainable, the training of culinary innovation was making bolen pisang and tape. The last stage was the mentoring process of homestay and the start-up food business of bolen pisang and tape. Two of the twenty-two women joined has started to prepare the business. The results showed that women involvement in tourism limited to fund, entrepreneurship experience and skill and the responsibility as housewives.

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC SPROUTING MACHINE

Through newspapers, television and the Internet information, self-cultivation of sprouting in the household as well as the trading model are very popular in the country. Particularly, when a plantbased stimulants information is widespread, self-cultivation of household sprouting becomes increasingly urgent. Current seed nursery machine in the market are not attractive to the user, which is mainly due to lack of user convenience. Thus, the fully automatic machine with a good price will create a special appeal to everyone. For this reason, this paper designs and fabricates sprouting machine automatically. Users do not need to operate the device during the sprouting development, but still ensure 100% success rate of high quality produce. In addition, the device can optimize important parameters affecting of sprouting development such as humidity, temperature, air and water. Sprouting are always in the best growth state, shorten the time to harvest products as a result.

Harvesting and marketing of mud crab in Bangladesh.

The mud crab (Scylla olivacea) is the brackish water resource with the most potential in Bangladesh after shrimp. It is widely distributed in coastal waters, including mangroves, tidal rivers and estuaries, and vast areas of traditional tide-fed shrimp ponds. The mud crab fishery is entirely capture-based and export-oriented with more than 50,000 persons involved in fishing, transportation, trading and export. The species is harvested from wild sources and black tiger shrimp ponds throughout coastal areas of Bangladesh using traditional craft and gear. Due to good price and high demand on the international market and absence of alternate income options for coastal communities, increased fishing intensity has already resulted in severe decline in natural stocks of mud crab over the last decade. Consequently, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) production and export earnings have also declined significantly over the past few years. To increase the natural stock of the resource, it is urgent to introduce both stock enhancement and aquaculture of mud crab in Bangladesh. Post harvest transportation and marketing also need to be improved to reduce high handling and transportation mortality (>30%) of harvested crabs.

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L) MENDUKUNG KAWASAN MANDIRI ENERGI DI NUSA PENIDA, BALI

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan listrik di daerah terpencil dan<br />pulau-pulau kecil, pemerintah meluncurkan kebijakan pengembangan desa<br />mandiri energi. Di Nusa Penida, salah satu kawasan di Bali yang terdiri<br />atas 3 pulau kecil, program mandiri energi dirancang dalam bentuk desa<br />wisata energi yang diwujudkan dengan pengembangan tanaman jarak<br />pagar (Jatropha curcas L) sebagai penghasil bahan bakar nabati (BBN)<br />untuk subtitusi bahan bakar pembangkit listrik tenaga diesel (PLTD).<br />Analisis kebijakan pengembangan tanaman jarak pagar mendukung<br />kawasan mandiri energi Nusa Penida dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2007-<br />April 2008. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengkaji kesesuaian lahan<br />dan iklim Nusa Penida untuk pengembangan tanaman jarak, dan (2)<br />melakukan analisis kelayakan finansial usahatani jarak pagar. Kesesuaian<br />lahan dan iklim dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan kelayakan finansial<br />dianalisis berdasarkan kriteria investasi : NPV, B/C, dan IRR. Hasil<br />penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan karakteristik iklim, wilayah<br />Nusa Penida termasuk ke dalam kriteria sesuai (S2) untuk pengembangan<br />tanaman jarak pagar. Unsur iklim yang menjadi pembatas adalah<br />ketersediaan air terutama pada bulan-bulan Agustus, September, dan<br />Oktober yang merupakan puncak musim kemarau, sehingga waktu panen<br />hanya berlangsung pada bulan Maret-Juli. Peran minyak jarak pagar<br />mensubstitusi solar sebagai bahan bakar PLTD selain ditentukan oleh<br />waktu panen, juga tergantung kepada harga biji jarak pagar yang dapat<br />memberikan insentif bagi petani untuk mengembangkan tanaman tersebut.<br />Usahatani jarak pagar layak dikembangkan pada tingkat harga minimum<br />Rp 2.000/kg biji di tingkat petani.<br />Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., kesesuaian lahan dan iklim, kelayakan<br />finansial</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Physic Nut Jatropha curcas Development to Support<br />Local Self-sufficient Energy in Nusa Penida, Bali<br />To fulfill the electricity requirement in remote areas and small<br />islands, Indonesian government runs the self-sufficient energy village<br />program. In Nusa Penida, an area that consists of three islands in Bali<br />Province, the program is run by developing Energy Tourism Area (ETA).<br />In this program, physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) was planted in the ETA<br />and the seeds will be used for bio-diesel to substitute diesel power<br />electricity generator fuel. A policy analysis of developing Jatropha curcas<br />plantation in the ETA has been done in the period of October 2007 to April<br />2008. The objectives of this research are : (1) to analyze the land and<br />climate suitability for planting physic nut, and (2) to analyze financial<br />feasibility of physic nut farming. The land and climate suitability analyzed<br />by descriptive method. Financial feasibility analyzed by investment<br />criteria : NPV, B/C ratio, and IRR. The result shows that the land and<br />climate in Nusa Penida is suitable (S2) for planting physic nut. The crucial<br />element of the climate is the availability of the water during dry season in<br />August, September and October. The harvest season is in March to July.<br />The role of physic nut as a source for bio-diesel is influenced by the<br />harvest time and the price of physic nut seeds. A good price will lead the<br />farmer to maintain and develop their jatropha plantation.<br />Key words : Jatropha curcas L., land and climate suitability, financial<br />feasibility</p>