Modeling Global Land-Use Decision Making Analysis, Integration and Modeling of the Earth System (AIMES) Third Young Scholar's Network Workshop; Bristol, United Kingdom, 2-4 June 2007

Eos ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (49) ◽  
pp. 546-546
Author(s):  
Elke Verbeeten ◽  
Benjamin Poulter ◽  
Ademola Braimoh ◽  
Stefanie Herrmann ◽  
Pedro Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Land

The Atmospheric Component of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Amazon Basin

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Artaxo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Tropics

Tropical forests, with their high biological activity, have the potential to emit large amounts of trace gases and aerosol particles to the atmosphere. The accelerated development and land clearing that is occurring in large areas of the Amazon basin suggest that anthropogenic effects on natural biogeochemical cycles are already occurring (Gash et al. 1996). The atmosphere plays a key role in this process. The tropics are the part of the globe with the most rapidly growing population, the most dramatic industrial expansion and the most rapid and pervasive change in land use and land cover. Also the tropics contain the largest standing stocks of terrestrial vegetation and have the highest rates of photosynthesis and respiration. It is likely that changes in tropical land use will have a profound impact on the global atmosphere (Andreae 1998, Andreae and Crutzen 1997). A significant fraction of nutrients are transported or dislocated through the atmosphere in the form of trace gases, aerosol particles, and rainwater (Keller et al. 1991). Also the global effects of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and other trace gases have in the forest ecosystems a key partner. The large emissions of isoprene, terpenes, and many other volatile organic compounds could impact carbon cycling and the production of secondary aerosol particles over the Amazon region. Vegetation is a natural source of many types of aerosol particles that play an important role in the radiation budget over large areas (Artaxo et al. 1998). There are 5 major reservoirs in the Earth system: atmosphere, biosphere (vegetation, animals), soils, hydrosphere (oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater), and the lithosphere (Earth crust). Elemental cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements interact with the different reservoirs of the Earth system. The carbon cycle has important aspects in tropical forests due to the large amount of carbon stored in the tropical forests and the high rate of tropical deforestation (Jacob 1999). In Amazonia there are two very different atmospheric conditions: the wet season (mostly from November to June) and the dry season (July-October) (see Marengo and Nobre, this volume). Biomass burning emissions dominate completely the atmospheric concentrations over large areas of the Amazon basin during the dry season (Artaxo et al. 1988).

Reconciling global land model estimates and country reporting of anthropogenic land CO2 sources and sinks with the CMIP6 LUMIP NOAA/GFDL LM4.1 simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Shevliakova ◽  
Sergey Malyshev ◽  
Richard Houghton ◽  
Louis Verchot
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Global Land ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Earth System Models

<p>Global land models, which often served as components Earth system models, and national GHG inventories rely on different methods and produce different estimates of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and uptakes from land use land cover changes throughout historical period. For example, for 2005 -2014, the sum of the national GHG inventories net emission estimates is 0.1 ± 1.0 GtCO2 yr<sup>–1</sup> while the bookkeeping models is 5.2 ± 2.6 GtCO2 yr<sup>–1</sup> (IPCC SPM 2019).  Previous estimates with the 16 global stand-alone land models produced an estimate of the net land sink of 11.2 ± 2.6 GtCO2 yr<sup>–1</sup> during 2007– 2016 for the natural response of land to human-induced environmental changes such as increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, nitrogen deposition, and climate change (IPCC SPM 2019).  However, these 16 models do not provide separate estimates for the managed and unmanaged lands. </p><p> </p><p>Here we use results from simulations with the NOAA/GFDL new land model LM4.1 from the CMIP6 Land Use Model Inercomparison Project (LUMIP) to demonstrate how to reconcile the discrepancy between the inventories and land models estimates of the anthropogenic CO<sub>2 </sub>land emissions by using bookkeeping accounting approach applied to the model results.  In addition, we separate estimates of land fluxes on managed and unmanaged lands. Key features of this model include advanced, second generation dynamic vegetation representation and canopy competition, fire, and land use representation driven by full set of gross transitions from the CMIP6 land use scenarios.  We demonstrate how bookkeeping accounting combined with the LUMIP experiments can enhance understanding of land sector net emission estimates and their applications.</p>

scholarly journals Research priorities in land use and land-cover change for the Earth system and integrated assessment modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 2118-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Hibbard ◽  
Anthony Janetos ◽  
Detlef P. van Vuuren ◽  
Julia Pongratz ◽  
Steven K. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Change ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Integrated Assessment Modelling ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals Towards decision-based global land use models for improved understanding of the Earth system

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 875-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Rounsevell ◽  
A. Arneth ◽  
P. Alexander ◽  
D. G. Brown ◽  
N. de Noblet-Ducoudré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Climate System ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Global Circulation Models

Abstract. A primary goal of Earth system modelling is to improve understanding of the interactions and feedbacks between human decision making and biophysical processes. The nexus of land use and land cover change (LULCC) and the climate system is an important example. LULCC contributes to global and regional climate change, while climate affects the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and LULCC. However, at present, LULCC is poorly represented in Global Circulation Models (GCMs). LULCC models that are explicit about human behaviour and decision making processes have been developed at local to regional scales, but the principles of these approaches have not yet been applied to the global scale level in ways that deal adequately with both direct and indirect feedbacks from the climate system. In this article, we explore current knowledge about LULCC modelling and the interactions between LULCC, GCMs and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs). In doing so, we propose new ways forward for improving LULCC representations in Earth System Models. We conclude that LULCC models need to better conceptualise the alternatives for up-scaling from the local to global. This involves better representation of human agency, including processes such as learning, adaptation and agent evolution, formalising the role and emergence of governance structures, institutional arrangements and policy as endogenous processes and better theorising about the role of tele-connections and connectivity across global networks. Our analysis underlines the importance of observational data in global scale assessments and the need for coordination in synthesising and assimilating available data.

The WMO Vegetation Fire and Smoke Pollution Warning Advisory and Assessment System (VFSP-WAS): Concept, current capabilities, research and development challenges and the way ahead

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Baklanov ◽  
Boon Ning Chew ◽  
Ariane Frassoni ◽  
Christopher Gan ◽  
Johann Georg Goldammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Fire Monitoring ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Smoke Pollution ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
Activity Areas

<p>Vegetation fires – including the application of fire in land use, land-use change and uncontrolled wildfire – affect the functioning of the Earth System and impose significant threats to public health and security.  This paper presents the concept of a Vegetation Fire and Smoke Pollution Warning Advisory and Assessment System (VFSP-WAS<sup>*</sup>). It describes the scientific rationale for the system and provides guidance for addressing the issues of vegetation fire and smoke pollution, including key research challenges. The paper  proposes the establishment of VFSP-WAS regional centers and describes  Potential examples of  this VFSP-WAS concept are described from two regions in (South-East Asia and North America) where regional centers will partner with Regional Fire Monitoring / Fire Management Resource Centers.</p><p>*) https://community.wmo.int/activity-areas/gaw/science/modelling-applications/vfsp-was </p>

scholarly journals The CCSM4 Land Simulation, 1850–2005: Assessment of Surface Climate and New Capabilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 2240-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lawrence ◽  
Keith W. Oleson ◽  
Mark G. Flanner ◽  
Christopher G. Fletcher ◽  
Peter J. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Simulation ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Surface Climate ◽  
Global Land

Abstract This paper reviews developments for the Community Land Model, version 4 (CLM4), examines the land surface climate simulation of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) compared to CCSM3, and assesses new earth system features of CLM4 within CCSM4. CLM4 incorporates a broad set of improvements including additions of a carbon–nitrogen (CN) biogeochemical model, an urban canyon model, and transient land cover and land use change, as well as revised soil and snow submodels. Several aspects of the surface climate simulation are improved in CCSM4. Improvements in the simulation of soil water storage, evapotranspiration, surface albedo, and permafrost that are apparent in offline CLM4 simulations are generally retained in CCSM4. The global land air temperature bias is reduced and the annual cycle is improved in many locations, especially at high latitudes. The global land precipitation bias is larger in CCSM4 because of bigger wet biases in central and southern Africa and Australia. New earth system capabilities are assessed. The present-day air temperature within urban areas is warmer than surrounding rural areas by 1°–2°C, which is comparable to or greater than the change in climate occurring over the last 130 years. The snow albedo feedback is more realistic and the radiative forcing of snow aerosol deposition is calculated as +0.083 W m−2 for present day. The land carbon flux due to land use, wildfire, and net ecosystem production is a source of carbon to the atmosphere throughout most of the historical simulation. CCSM4 is increasingly suited for studies of the role of land processes in climate and climate change.

Democratic Anthropocene

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-150
Author(s):  
John S. Dryzek ◽  
Jonathan Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ecological Democracy ◽  
The Creation

The formative sphere is the sum of activity encompassing the creation, questioning, and development of principles for collective action. This sphere gives shape to the meaning of the Anthropocene and how its implications are taken up in collective decision-making. An effective formative sphere should operate as a deliberative and ecological democracy capable of questioning its own foundations. This chapter shows how the formative sphere can operate in interactions between experts and citizens, between the most vulnerable and their advocates, between advocates and discourse entrepreneurs, across local experiments, and across the human and non-human components of the Earth system. Contemplation of Anthropocene conditions shows that in addition to established arguments for ecological democracy, there is a new argument: the agents necessary to rethink core social values and principles to guide practice for the Anthropocene can only flourish under democratic conditions. Democracy itself is transformed in this new encounter.

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