Dichotomous Feedback: A Signal Sequestration-based Feedback Mechanism for Biocontroller Design

We introduce a new design framework for implementing negative feedback regulation in Synthetic Biology, which we term "dichotomous feedback". Our approach is different from current methods, in that it sequesters existing fluxes in the process to be controlled, and in this way takes advantage of the process's architecture to design the control law. This signal sequestration mechanism appears in many natural biological systems and can potentially be easier to realise than 'molecular sequestration' and other comparison motifs that are nowadays common in biomolecular feedback control design. The loop is closed by linking the strength of signal sequestration to the process output. Our feedback regulation mechanism is motivated by two-component signalling systems, where we introduce a second response regulator competing with the natural response regulator thus sequestering kinase activity. Here, dichotomous feedback is established by increasing the concentration of the second response regulator as the level of the output of the natural process increases. Extensive analysis demonstrates how this type of feedback shapes the signal response, attenuates intrinsic noise while increasing robustness and reducing crosstalk.

Emberi bánásmód veszteségek idején

Humane Treatment of People Who Experience Losses. In this paper, we present the grief as a natural response to the losses that people experience. We regard grief as an adaptive mechanism to the new situation that occurs with a loss. In our success-oriented consumerist society, grief has become a taboo: fighting pain in losses became a sign of weakness and failure. This is valid also for Christians, who consider faith as the measure of successful dealing with distress. We present the positive perceptive structures that may help the grief – based on Anil Seth’s theories. Later on, we speak about the toxic positivism, which harms the grieving person and the adequate expression of condolence, which may express our participation in his/her tormented situation. Destructive attitude consists in shaming, abandoning, or betraying the grieving person, whereas constructive attitude means acceptance, condolence, and support. This paper tries to provide a practical guideline to an empathic grief counselling. Keywords: grief, loss, mourning, toxic positivism, positive perceptive structures

Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy—Diagnostics and Therapeutic Perspectives

Epilepsy is a neurological disease that affects approximately 1% of the world’s population. Epilepsy is characterized by the occurrence of repeated epileptic seizures due to abnormal neuronal activity. Although this disorder is currently incurable, it can be controlled for years with the appropriate therapy and patient adherence. Inflammation is an organism’s natural response to a pathological stimulus, aimed at eliminating the triggering factor. Multiple studies point out a significant correlation between an increased level of inflammatory mediators and the frequency of epileptic seizures. Increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were found in the serum of patients with epilepsy. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines were found to be upregulated during epileptic activity in rodents: CCL2 and CCR2 receptor expression was shown to be upregulated during inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide administration, and CXCR5 was found to be primarily upregulated in brain cells. Early detection of the described factors may serve as a biomarker for epilepsy but also hold potential in developing novel immunomodulating therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the immune system’s involvement is necessary for the development of new therapeutic perspectives in epilepsy.

Immune Response towards COVID-19

Background: As the world witnessed the outbreak of coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19), a disorder developed as a result of a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), increasing genetics with healthcare evidence suggest a corresponding leadership to SARS as well as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Aim: The aim of this review is to highlight Immune response of human body toward COVID-19. Materials and methods: This was a narrative review. A comprehensive literature search was done using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and EMBASE using the keywords, Immune Response; COVID-19; Vaccination; SARS-Cov-2; ACE2; Coronavirus; MERS. Results: A flow of viral components passes to the body by means of nostrils, mouth and eyes. SARS-CoV-2 is in a position to continue to become unnoticed extended than numerous influenza or coronaviruses. Its proteins can accomplish entry by unlocking the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein in the lung cells; viruses also possess antigens furthermore recognize that these are what cries the immunity into movement via making antibodies. Investigators demonstrate an extensive variety of immune cells respond to COVID-19 along with valuable source retrieval, discovering that might want to notify the manufacturing of a viable vaccination. Conclusion: The body's natural response to a viral infection is a non-invasive intrinsic response in which macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells limit the virus's progression and may even prevent it by multiplying symptoms. This non-invasive solution is accompanied by an elastic response in which the body produces radicals that primarily adjust to the herpes virus.

Role of Hydrogen Sulfide, Substance P and Adhesion Molecules in Acute Pancreatitis

Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to inflammatory disease. Acute pancreatitis is one of the main reasons for hospitalization amongst gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It has been demonstrated that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter and substance P, a neuropeptide, are involved in the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are key players in inflammatory disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily, selectins, and integrins are involved at different steps of leukocyte migration from blood to the site of injury. When the endothelial cells get activated, the CAMs are upregulated which leads to them interacting with leukocytes. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles H2S, substance P and adhesion molecules play in acute pancreatitis.

Small-Signal Modeling of Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converter Considering the Delay Associated to the Leakage Inductance

This paper demonstrates that in the Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge (PSFB) buck-derived converter, there is a random delay associated with the blanking time produced by the leakage inductance. This random delay predicts the additional phase drop that is present in the frequency response of the open-loop audio-susceptibility transfer function when the converter shows a significant blanking time. The existing models of the PSFB converter do not contemplate the delay and gain differences associated to voltage drop produced in the leakage inductor of the transformer. The small-signal model proposed in this paper is based on the combination of two types of analysis: the first analysis consists of obtaining a small-signal model using the average modeling technique and the second analysis consists of studying the natural response of the power converter. The dynamic modeling of the Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge converter, including the random delay, has been validated by simulations and experimental test.

Multijunction solar cell spectral response determination at radiation damage study

This paper discusses multijunction solar cells with optically coupled p-n junctions under radiation exposure photosensitivity spectral response study. It is shown that if the measurement technique does not consider the luminescent coupling and does not track the optical coupling degradation, then instead of a decrease (which is a natural response of a photoconverter to radiation damage), an abnormal increase in the narrow-bandgap photoresponse (receiving luminescent radiation) subcell due to radiation damage can be observed. Accordingly, with an increase in the irradiation dose, an increase in the subcell photocurrent forming a “negative” degradation dependence of MJ SC being used in space applications is recorded.

The environmental context of Early Neolithic cultural transformation in the Targowisko settlement region

The aim of this article is to provide information on environmental changes in the Targowisko region in the Early Neolithic as a natural response to settlement and economic activity of the human population in that area. The discussion is based on lithological, geochemical, and palynological analyses, as well as the analysis of Cladocera within strata inside the TRG (Targowisko) core, located in a small wetland in the immediate vicinity of the eastern edge of the Neolithic settlement in the Targowisko region. Settlement analysis points to the absence of stable microregions and to the mobility of human groups. This is confirmed by the sequence of settlement episodes and economic activity, reflected in the stratigraphy of the core sediments, where episodes of significant human interference are followed by phases of almost complete regeneration of the environment. No differences have been noticed between the Linienbandkeramik and Malice culture communities as regards their impact on the environment.

534 - Grief in de elderly and its impact

IntroductionWith coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a lot of people have succumbed and older adults were disproportionately affected. (1,2) Also, grief is encountered frequently in clinical practice with the elderly, and can be defined as the natural response to the death of a loved one. Still, when a failure of adaptation occurs then a Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) can be diagnosed, which has been recently included in ICD-11. The principal feature of PGD is a persistent preoccupation or an intense longing for the deceased that lasts longer than 6 months after the death. (3)Objective:Comprehend the grief in the elderly and its implications in their health.Methods:The author conducted a literature review by searching the Pubmed database using the keywords elderly; grief; complicated grief; covid-19Results:PGD is relatively prevalent among the elderly and has been associated with some variables related to the death time of the deceased, being the prevalence inversely correlated with the deceased’s. (4, 5) Additionally, older adults present a higher risk of developing PGD when they are lesseducated, male, have poorer cognitive performance, and a history of depression. (3) PGD is characterized by sadness, fascination with or excessive avoidance of the memories associated with the deceased, the memory of the loss and mental ruminations about death. According to some investigations, PGD reduces life expectancy, increasing the odds of death, causes severe behavioural symptoms, and is associated with longer-term functional impairment. (4,5)Conclusion:Given these results, it is easy to understand the need for a closer monitoring of these patients during this global crisis. Moreover, it is also important to find new ways to do that while complying with COVID-19 rules and restrictions. A short-term evidence-based intervention for PGD effective in the elderly is based on support focused upon these seven themes: understanding their grief, managing emotional pain, thinkingabout the future, strengthening their relationships, telling the story of the dead, learning to live with reminders of the deceased, and connecting with memories. (3)

Theoretical and applied principles of system of personnel adaptation

In modern conditions, as development and reform of economic and socio-labor spheres, continuous technical progress and inconstant world environment, staffing requirements are constantly growing. Today, important issues for the system of employment and adaptation are their improvement with the help of modern personnel technologies, which would take into account external and internal factors, strategic orientation, could adapt to the natural response to excessive market spontaneity. Staff adaptation is the fundamental basis of any organization and further work with the employee. The adaptation measures in a complex way, are playing the role of basis for adaptation programs. That program, in turn, describes the tasks, main goals, deadlines and identifies the employees responsible for the adaptation; establishes a sequence of actions to achieve the set goals and indicates what knowledge, skills, competencies and skills a new employee should have and what results he or she should show after the end of the adaptation period. From the organizational point of view, there are several periods of adaptation. First, this is a familiarization period lasting one month. The second period is an evaluation one. In the third period, there is a gradual integration into the organization. In the article there is identifying of most common features of personnel adaptation system regardless the industry and organization in which that system operates. The goals of personnel adaptation in organization are defined. In today's labor market, the question of not only the formation of the ideal staff in the organization, but also the retention of valuable staff – this is the task can be performed by an effective system of staff adaptation.