Climate Changes in the Upper Atmosphere: Contributions by the Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations and Earth's Magnetic Field From the 1960s to 2010s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Qian ◽  
Joseph M. McInerney ◽  
Stan S. Solomon ◽  
Hanli Liu ◽  
Alan G. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
The 1960S

scholarly journals Drivers of Upper Atmosphere Climate Change

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
New Research

New research confirms the influence of carbon dioxide on long-term temperature trends in the upper atmosphere, but changes in Earth’s magnetic field also play a key role.

scholarly journals II. The lunar diurnal magnetic variation at Greenwich and other observatories

1926 ◽  
Vol 225 (626-635) ◽  
pp. 49-91 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Solid Earth ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Terrestrial Magnetism ◽  
Magnetic Variation ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
The Subject

§ 1. The present research forms part of a wider investigation of terrestrial magnetism, the main object of which is the study of certain electrical phenomena that are associated with solar emissions absorbed in the upper atmosphere, and with the systematic motions of the upper atmosphere. The subject also bears on the electrical conductivity of the solid earth and oceans. The results are briefly discussed from this standpoint in Part IV. The immediate subject of the paper is the lunar diurnal variation of the earth’s magnetic field, and particularly that of the declination at Greenwich, although the results of extensive reductions for other elements, at Batavia, Zikawei, and Pavlovsk, are also included.

scholarly journals The electrical conductivity of an ionized gas in a magnetic field, with applications to the solar atmosphere and the ionosphere

1945 ◽  
Vol 183 (995) ◽  
pp. 453-479 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Dynamo Theory ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

The methods of Chapman and Enskog are used to discuss conduction of electricity and diffusion currents in an ionized gas with several constituents, in a transverse magnetic field. The free-path formula for the conductivity is compared with that derived by the exact methods. The two formulae are identical in form if a correction is applied to the usual freepath method; this correction robs the method of much of its simplicity. The uncorrected freepath method, however, gives correct results for the electron contribution to the conductivity in all practical cases; and for the ion contribution if a large number of neutral molecules are present— e.g. in the earth’s upper atmosphere, about 5 x 105 times the number of ions (of both signs). Numerical values are given for the conductivity in the sun’s outer layers and in the earth’s upper atmosphere. Mechanical forces due to currents induced in moving material are shown to be very important in the sun, and in the F-layer of the earth’s atmosphere. The solar results are used to discuss the motion of solar prominences and eruptions. In the earth’s atmosphere, the observed collision frequencies of electrons are shown to imply upper limits for ion-densities in the E and F layers. The integral conductivities of the E and F layers are estimated, and it is shown that, on the dynamo theory of the lunar variation of the earth’s magnetic field, tidal oscillations in these layers must be between 100 and 1000 times as great as those at the ground. Diamagnetism and drift currents are shown to make negligible contributions to the lunar and solar variations of the earth’s magnetic field. In an Appendix, the applicability of Boltzmann’s equation to strongly ionized gases is discussed.

scholarly journals On a method of determining the state of polarisation of downcoming wireless waves

1928 ◽  
Vol 117 (778) ◽  
pp. 576-588 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Electric Force ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Wireless Spectrum ◽  
Recent Experimental Work

In recent papers an account has been given of the application of certain experimental methods to the study of the characteristics of wireless waves deviated through large angles by the upper atmosphere. Observations by these methods have shown that, for wave-lengths of the order of 300 to 500 metres the downcoming waves possess, in general, components of electric force both in and at right angles to the plane of propagation and that somewhat similar changes of intensity take place in both components during the dark hours; but information on the nature of the polarisation ( i. e ., on the numerical values of the constants of ellipticity) has been lacking. Such information would be of interest from two standpoints. In the first place it has been shown that, if the electrical carriers in the upper atmosphere are of electronic mass, the influence of the earth’s magnetic field would be such as to cause the reproduction of magneto-optical phenomena for wave-lengths within the wireless spectrum. In such a case we might expect to find some relation between the measured constants of ellipticity and the direction of transmission with reference to the earth’s magnetic field. Secondly, a matter of practical interest, since all recent experimental work has confirmed the original suggestions of Eckersley and Bellini that the errors experienced in coil direction finding are due to the presence of a component of electric force at right angles to the plane of propagation, and, since signal variations are due to the component in the plane of propagation, we might expect some correlation between directional errors and fading, if the downcoming ray is of sensibly constant polarisation. Attempts to find such a correlation have been made by Reich but with negative results.

The Atlas of the Earth's Magnetic Field

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Soloviev ◽  
A. Khokhlov ◽  
E. Jalkovsky ◽  
A. Berezko ◽  
A. Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field

Atlas of Earth's magnetic field

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. E. Berezko ◽  
A. V. Khokhlov ◽  
A. A. Soloviev ◽  
A. D. Gvishiani ◽  
E. A. Zhalkovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field

scholarly journals Night-time Sferic Propagation at Frequencies Below 10 KHz

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJW Lynn ◽  
J Crouchley
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The West ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Effective Angle

Results of a study at Brisbane of individual night-time sferics of known origin are described. A propagation attenuation minimum was observed in the 3-6 kHz range. The geographic distribution of sferic types was also examined. Apparent propagation asynunetries were observed, since sferics were detected at greater ranges to the west than to the east at 10 kHz, whilst the number of tweek-sferics arising from the east was about four times that arising from the west. Comparison with European studies suggest that these asymmetries are general. These results are then " interpreted in terms of an ionospheric reflection cgefficient which is a function of the effective angle of incidence of the wave on the ionosphere and of orientation with respect to the Earth's magnetic field within the ionosphere.

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