Energy recovery linac based fully coherent light source

Energy recovery linac (ERL) holds great promise for generating high repetition-rate and high brightness electron beams. The application of ERL to drive a free-electron laser is currently limited by its low peak current. In this paper, we consider the combination of ERL with the recently proposed angular-dispersion induced microbunching technique to generate fully coherent radiation pulses with high average brightness and tunable pulse length. Start-to-end simulations have been performed based on a low energy ERL (600 MeV) for generating coherent EUV radiation pulses. The results indicate an average brightness over 1025 phs/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1%BW and average power of about 100 W at 13.5 nm or 20 W with the spectral resolution of about 0.5 meV with the proposed technique. Further extension of the proposed scheme to shorter wavelength based on an ERL complex is also discussed.

PERG adaptation for detection of retinal ganglion cell dysfunction in glaucoma: a pilot diagnostic accuracy study

It has been previously demonstrated that the adaptive phase changes of steady-state pattern electroretinogram (SS-PERG), recorded during 4-min presentation of patterned stimuli, are reduced in glaucoma suspects and patients compared to normal subjects. Our study aims at testing the hypothesis that adaptive changes of SS-PERG, recorded using the novel optimized Next Generation PERG (PERGx) protocol, differ between glaucoma patients and controls. In this pilot cross-sectional study, we included 28 glaucoma patients and 17 age-matched normal subjects. Both patients and controls underwent a full ophthalmologic examination, visual field testing, OCT and PERGx. The PERGx signal was sampled over 2 min (providing 1 noise and 9 signal packets) in response to alternating gratings generated on an OLED display. PERGx amplitude and phase were analyzed to quantify adaptive changes over recording time. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to study the diagnostic accuracy of PERGx parameters in distinguishing glaucoma patients from normal subjects. PERGx amplitude and phase data showed declining trends in both groups. PERGx amplitude slope and grand-average vector amplitude and phase were significantly different in patients compared to controls (p < 0.01), whereas phase angular dispersion was greater in patients but not significantly different between the two groups. The area under the ROC curves were 0.87 and 0.76 for PERGx amplitude slope and grand-average vector amplitude, and 0.62 and 0.87 for PERGx angular dispersion and grand-average vector phase, respectively. The PERGx paradigm resulted highly accurate in detecting the reduction of amplitude adaptive changes in glaucoma patients, presumably due to the loss of functional retinal ganglion cell autoregulation. Thus, PERG adaptation, recorded by this new protocol, might be helpful in the identification and diagnosis of early glaucomatous dysfunction.

A synchrotron-based kilowatt-level radiation source for EUV lithography

A compact damping ring with limited circumference of about 160 m is proposed for producing kilowatt-level coherent EUV radiation. The electron bunch in the ring is modulated by a 257nm wavelength laser with the help of the angular dispersion induced micro-bunching method [C. Feng and Z. Zhao, Sci. Rep. 7, 4724 (2017)]. Coherent radiation at 13.5 nm with an average power of about 2.5 kW can be achieved with the state-of-the-art accelerator and laser technologies.

A mitotic screen in Indian muntjac cells unveils how Augmin drives kinetochore fiber maturation

Chromosome segregation in mammals relies on the maturation of a thick bundle of kinetochore-attached microtubules known as k-fibers. How k-fibers mature from initial kinetochore-microtubule attachments remains a fundamental question. Here we used the low chromosome number (n=3) and distinctively large kinetochores of Indian muntjac cells to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying k-fiber maturation. By combining functional analyses of 64 conserved mitotic proteins with fixed- and live-cell super-resolution CH-STED nanoscopy, we identified Augmin as the main driver of k-fiber maturation. Augmin promoted kinetochore microtubule turnover by sustaining centrosome-independent microtubule growth from kinetochores and poleward flux. Tracking of microtubule growth events in the kinetochore vicinity revealed a wide angular dispersion, consistent with Augmin-mediated branched microtubule nucleation. Indeed, Augmin depletion reduced the frequency of microtubule growth events on individual k-fibers and prevented normal repair after acute k-fiber injury by laser microsurgery. Altogether, our work directly elucidates how Augmin mediates k-fiber maturation in mammals.

PECULIARITIES OF CHANNELING AND GENERATED RADIATION OF RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS IN THE MAIN CHARGED AXES OF LITHIUM HYDRIDE CRYSTAL

The paper deals with the calculation of electron interaction potentials with the main charged [110] axes in a lithium hydride crystal at T = 300, 600, and 900 K temperatures. For relativistic electrons with Lorentz factors γ = 50, 75, 100 the energy and corresponding wave functions of transverse levels of channeling motion are found numerically. The radiation spectra of channeling electrons with (and without) accounting an angular dispersion are calculated on the basis of these data.

FMR Damping in Thin Films with Exchange Bias

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth (LW) is a tool for studying the high frequency properties of magnetic materials for their application in high-speed devices. Here, we investigate different mechanisms which determine FMR damping in bilayer ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (F/AF and AF/F) exchange bias systems. Variations of FMR LW with the thickness and deposition order of the F and AF layers were studied, as well as their correlation with the exchange bias field and roughness of the sample surface. We observed much larger LW in AF/F structures compared with F/AF samples. It was found that neither the exchange bias nor surface/interface roughness in the samples could explain the difference in LW for F/AF and AF/F samples. Instead, the different underlayer microstructure influenced the grainsize, leading to different angular dispersion of magnetization and different internal stray field in F-layers, promoting a different intensity of magnon scattering and FMR damping in F/AF and AF/F samples.