Optimization of Real‐Time Control with Green and Grey Infrastructure Design for a Cost‐Effective Mitigation of Combined Sewer Overflows

Abstract The Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth operates and maintains a large combined sewer system in the Great Lakes basin. During dry weather and small storm events, two large interceptor sewers convey all sanitary and storm flows to the Woodward Avenue wastewater treatment plant. Larger rainfall events, specifically high intensity summer thunderstorms, generate flows which exceed the design capacity of the sanitary interceptors and result in combined sewer overflows to Hamilton Harbour and Cootes Paradise, which ultimately discharge to Lake Ontario. The Region is implementing a comprehensive program for reducing the pollution caused by these overflows. This program includes the construction of several off-line detention storage facilities and the implementation of a real-time control system for combined sewer overflow reduction. Real-time control will enable maximum utilization of the storage available within the combined sewer network and help reduce the frequency and volume of combined sewer overflows. New hydrologic and hydraulic simulation models have been specially developed for this project to help identify, test and implement optimal real-time control strategies. This paper discusses some of the more important aspects related to the design and implementation of the Region’s real-time control system, and focuses mainly on the development of these hydrologic and hydraulic simulation models.

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How climate proof is real-time control with regard to combined sewer overflows?

Urban Water Journal ◽

10.1080/1573062x.2017.1301499 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 544-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Dirckx ◽

H. Korving ◽

J. Bessembinder ◽

M. Weemaes

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflows

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Minimizing Combined Sewer Overflows in Real-Time Control Applications

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1996.042 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 775-786 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Martin Pleau ◽

François Methot ◽

Andrée Moïra Lebrun ◽

Hubert Colas

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Problem Definition ◽

State Variables ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Dynamic Constraints ◽

Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Unknown Disturbances ◽

Sewer Overflows

Abstract An approach to design and operate real-time control system for combined sewer overflows is proposed. The methodology is based on nonlinear programming with the peculiarity that all the constraints are linear. The problem definition guarantees a non-null optimization space while preserving the physical and dynamical constraints of the state variables. The nonlinear cost function allows standard control objectives to be met and simulation of the behavior associated with storage facilities and actuators. The linear flow dynamic constraints are defined to simulate flow attenuation as well as to reject unknown disturbances.

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Real Time Control Study to Reduce Combined Sewer Overflows in Louisville and Jefferson County

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864700785140755 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2000 (4) ◽

pp. 91-103

Author(s):

Alain Charron ◽

Yves Charron ◽

Elise Villeneuve ◽

Derek Guthrie ◽

Roddy Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Jefferson County ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Sewer Overflows ◽

Control Study

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Real Time Control within a Combined Sewer System: Comparison of Practical and Theoretical Results

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0492 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (5-6) ◽

pp. 123-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael. Weyand

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Practical Investigations ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Model Calculations ◽

Detention Tank ◽

Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer

Application of real time control systems within sewer networks is one of different possible measures taken against the problems with storm water runoff and combined sewer overflows (CSO) in urbanized areas. Practical investigations concerning the effect of this alternative way to reduce CSO have been made during four years in the sewer network of the community Ense-Bremen (near Dortmund). An implemented simple control strategy manages the flow and storage events aiming at an even degree of storage capacity at any detention tank and at any time. The comparison with model calculations, reveals that there are differences between both results especially those concerning the basin out-flows. These differences are mainly caused by the constraints of practical operation. Therefore it is necessary to develop control strategies considering these facts within its practical course.

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INTEGRAL CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0014 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 131-138

Author(s):

Andrea G. Capodaglio

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Ideal Condition ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Integral Control ◽

Time Control ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Harmful Effects

Sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants are often planned, designed and operated as totally separate entities. As a result, sewage treatment efficiency is subject to considerable variability, depending both on general hydrologic conditions in the urban watershed (wet versus dry periods), and on specific “instantaneous” operating conditions. It has been postulated that the integration of design and operation in urban drainage and wastewater treatment could allow minimization of the harmful effects of discharges from treatment plants, combined sewer overflows and surface runoff. This “ideal condition” can be achieved through the introduction of so-called “Real-Time Control” technology in sewerage collection and treatment operations. This paper examines the requirements of a hypothetical integrated sewer flow and sewage treatment model, the mathematical tools used to design and operate Real-Time Control systems, and the issues emerging from an integration of the conveyance and disposal aspects of the sewerage cycle.

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