Multiphase flow in fractured rocks—some lessons learned from mathematical models

2000 ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Pruess
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Fractured Rocks ◽  
Lessons Learned

scholarly journals A review of mathematical models of influenza A infections within a host or cell culture: lessons learned and challenges ahead

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. A. Beauchemin ◽  
Andreas Handel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Individual Host

Most mathematical models used to study the dynamics of influenza A have thus far focused on the between-host population level, with the aim to inform public health decisions regarding issues such as drug and social distancing intervention strategies, antiviral stockpiling or vaccine distribution. Here, we investigate mathematical modeling of influenza infection spread at a different scale; namely that occurring within an individual host or a cell culture. We review the models that have been developed in the last decades and discuss their contributions to our understanding of the dynamics of influenza infections. We review kinetic parameters (e.g., viral clearance rate, lifespan of infected cells) and values obtained through fitting mathematical models, and contrast them with values obtained directly from experiments. We explore the symbiotic role of mathematical models and experimental assays in improving our quantitative understanding of influenza infection dynamics. We also discuss the challenges in developing better, more comprehensive models for the course of influenza infections within a host or cell culture. Finally, we explain the contributions of such modeling efforts to important public health issues, and suggest future modeling studies that can help to address additional questions relevant to public health.

scholarly journals Lessons Learned from Hydraulic and Pneumatic Tomography in Fractured Rocks

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A. Illman
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Rocks ◽  
Lessons Learned

scholarly journals A review of mathematical models of influenza A infections within a host or cell culture: lessons learned and challenges ahead

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. A. Beauchemin ◽  
Andreas Handel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Individual Host

Most mathematical models used to study the dynamics of influenza A have thus far focused on the between-host population level, with the aim to inform public health decisions regarding issues such as drug and social distancing intervention strategies, antiviral stockpiling or vaccine distribution. Here, we investigate mathematical modeling of influenza infection spread at a different scale; namely that occurring within an individual host or a cell culture. We review the models that have been developed in the last decades and discuss their contributions to our understanding of the dynamics of influenza infections. We review kinetic parameters (e.g., viral clearance rate, lifespan of infected cells) and values obtained through fitting mathematical models, and contrast them with values obtained directly from experiments. We explore the symbiotic role of mathematical models and experimental assays in improving our quantitative understanding of influenza infection dynamics. We also discuss the challenges in developing better, more comprehensive models for the course of influenza infections within a host or cell culture. Finally, we explain the contributions of such modeling efforts to important public health issues, and suggest future modeling studies that can help to address additional questions relevant to public health.

scholarly journals A Transdisciplinary Analysis of COVID-19 in Italy: The Most Affected Country in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9488
Author(s):  
Flaminia Ortenzi ◽  
Emiliano Albanese ◽  
Marta Fadda
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Italian Experience ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Early Action ◽  
The Government ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Demographic Context

As of 27 March 2020, 199 countries and territories and one international conveyance are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of the same date, Italy represents the third country worldwide in total number of cases and the first one in total number of deaths. The purpose of this study is to analyse the Italian case and identify key problem questions and lessons learned from the Italian experience. The study initially provides a general overview of the country’s characteristics and health care system, followed by a detailed description of the Italian epidemiological picture regarding COVID-19. Afterwards, all non-pharmaceutical measures adopted by the Government against COVID-19 are presented in chronological order. The study explores some estimations of the economic impact of the epidemic, as well as its implications for society, lifestyle, and social media reactions. Finally, the study refers to two types of mathematical models to predict the evolution of the spread of COVID-19 disease. Having considered all of the above-mentioned aspects, some significant issues can be raised, including the following: (1) the available epidemiological data presents some gaps and potential biases; (2) mathematical models always come with high levels of uncertainty; (3) the high number of deaths should be interpreted in light of the national demographic context; and (4) the long-term management of the epidemic remains an open question. In conclusion, the Italian experience definitely highlights the importance of preparedness and early action, effective interventions and risk communication.

Code Verification for Multiphase Flows Using the Method of Manufactured Solutions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Choudhary ◽  
Christopher J. Roy ◽  
Jean-François Dietiker ◽  
Mehrdad Shahnam ◽  
Rahul Garg
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Staggered Grid ◽  
Code Verification ◽  
Manufactured Solutions ◽  
Method Of Manufactured Solutions ◽  
Divergence Free ◽  
2D And 3D

Code verification is the process of ensuring, to the degree possible, that there are no algorithm deficiencies and coding mistakes (bugs) in a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. In order to perform code verification, the Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS) is a rigorous technique that can be used in the absence of exact solution to the problem. This work addresses major aspects of performing code verification for multiphase flow codes using the open-source, multiphase flow code MFIX which employs a staggered-grid and a modified SIMPLE-based algorithm. Code verification is performed on 2D and 3D, uniform and stretched meshes for incompressible, steady and unsteady, single-phase and two-phase flows using the two-fluid model of MFIX. Currently, the algebraic gas-solid exchange terms are neglected as these can be tested via unit-testing. The no-slip wall, free-slip wall, and pressure outflow boundary conditions are verified for 2D and 3D flows. A newly-developed curl-based manufactured solution for 3D divergence free flows is introduced. Temporal order of accuracy during unsteady calculations is also assessed. Techniques are introduced to generate manufactured solutions that satisfy the divergence-free constraint during the verification of the incompressible governing equations. Manufactured solutions with constraints due to boundary conditions as well as due to divergence-free flow are derived in order to verify the boundary conditions. Use of staggered grid and SIMPLE-based algorithm for numerical computations in MFIX requires specific issues to be addressed while performing MMS-based code verification. Lessons learned during this code verification exercise are discussed.

scholarly journals A review of mathematical models of influenza A infections within a host or cell culture: lessons learned and challenges ahead

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine AA Beauchemin ◽  
Andreas Handel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Lessons Learned
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