Sunflower Seed Cake and Larvae MassRheological Properties Analysis During Pressing WithVarying Temperature, Pressure and Oil Content

For the successful implementation of alternative protein sourcesforbiorefinery, optimization of the process parameters is crucial. Knowledge of the rheological propertiesis necessary for the design and development of appropriate equipment and process calculations.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the following pre-treatments: temperature, pressure andeffect of initial oil content on the rheological properties of sunflower seedcake and larvae tissue. The rheological behavior of two protein sourceswas determined by using a rotational viscometer with a hydraulic system and thermostatic bath attached to the equipment. Using the mathematical apparatus and experimental data it was observed that the plastic viscosity of the sunflower seed cake corresponded to the viscosity of the vegetable oil, which confirmed the Bingham rheology assumption put forward in this work. For the larvae mass, a Hershey Buckley fluid model was proposed.A positive linear relationship was found for pressure and a negativelinear relationship was found for the oil content of the sunflower seed cake and larvae tissue on shear stress. Keywords: rheological property, sunflower seed cake, larvae, pulsed electricaldischarge, viscoplasticity flow, Bingham model, modelling

Numerical modeling of pedestal stability and broadband turbulence of wide-pedestal QH-mode plasmas on DIII-D

Wide pedestal Quiescent High confinement (QH) mode discovered on DIII-D in recent years is a stationary and quiescent H-mode with the pedestal width exceeding EPED prediction by at least 25%. Its characteristics, such as low rotation, high energy confinement and ELM-free operation, make it an attractive operation mode for future reactors. Linear and nonlinear simulations using BOUT++ reduced two fluid MHD model are carried out to investigate the bursty broadband turbulence often observed in the edge of wide-pedestal QH-mode plasmas. Two kinds of MHD-scale instabilities in different spatial locations within the pedestal were found in the simulations: one mild peeling-ballooning (PB) mode (γ_PB<0.04ω_A) located near the minimum in Er well propagating in ion diamagnetic drift direction; and one drift-Alfvén wave (DAW) locates at smaller radius compared to Er well propagating in the electron diamagnetic drift direction and unstable only when the parallel electron dynamics is included in the simulation. The coupling between drift wave and shear Alfvén wave provides a possible cause of the experimentally observed local profile flattening in the upper-pedestal. The rotation direction, mode location, as well as the wavenumber of these two modes from BOUT++ simulations agree reasonably well with the experimental measurements, while the lack of quantitatively agreement is likely due to the lack of trapped electron physics in current fluid model. This work presents improved physics understanding of the pedestal stability and turbulence dynamics for wide-pedestal QH-mode.

The effect of oxygen supply and oxygen distribution on single-head tunnel with different altitudes under mixed ventilation

Hypoxia plays a major role in limiting the construction of the high-altitude mine. Understanding the effect and the distribution of diffused oxygen supply at different altitudes is the premise for the design of a mine with oxygen supply system and the full utilization of oxygen resources. For the optimal design of an oxygen supply mode and ventilation system, a multi-component fluid model of the diffused oxygen supply of a single-head tunnel was developed. This study reveals the variation law of the average oxygen mass fraction at different altitudes. The relationship between the distance from the heading face and the oxygen mass fraction at each altitude was fitted. The results show that the distribution of oxygen mass fraction in a single head tunnel at different altitudes presents a similar trend of increasing first and then decline. In addition, the change of the average oxygen mass fraction with the increase of altitude is not linear, and the dispersion loss is larger in high-altitude areas. The largest oxygen enrichment area is distributed at the altitudes of 4000–4500 m. This study provides theoretical support for improving the hypoxic environment of high-altitude metal mines excavation work.

Analysis of Uniform Film Thickness and Stationarypoints for the Thin Film Flow of Carreau Fluid Model in the Presence of Surface Tension Gradient

This article addresses the analysis of the uniform film thickness and stationary points forthe Carreau thin fluid film flow. The flow of fluid on a vertically upward moving cylinder takesplace in the presence of a surface tension gradient. The resulting non-linear and inhomogeneousordinary differential equation is solved for the series form solution using Adomian decompositionmethods (ADM). Stokes number St, inverse capillary number C, Weissenberg number W e andfluid behavior index n emerged as flow control parameters. The analysis showed that thepositions of stationary points transferred towards the surface of the cylinder by the increase ofSt and C while towards the fluid-air interface by the increase of n. W e delineated vice versaeffects on positions of stationary points for the shear thickening fluid film and shear thinningfluid film. The width of uniform film thickness reduces by an increment in the St and Cwhereas it increases by an increment in the n. The width of shear thickening uniform filmthickness increases whilst shear thinning uniform film thickness decreases as the W e increases. A comparison between the linearly viscous fluid and Carreau fluid is also made.

Dark Information in Black Hole with λφ Fluid

It has been shown that the nonthermal spectrum of Hawking radiation will lead to information-carrying correlations between emitted particles in the radiation. The mutual information carried by such correlations can not be locally observed and hence is dark. With dark information, the black hole information is conserved. In this paper, we look for the spherically symmetric black hole solution in a λφ fluid model and investigate the radiation spectrum and dark information of the black hole. The spacetime structure of this black hole is similar to that of the Schwarzschild one, while its horizon radius is decreased by the λφ fluid. By using the statistical mechanical method, the nonthermal radiation spectrum is calculated. This radiation spectrum is very different from the Schwarzschild case at its last stage because of the effect of the λφ fluid. The λφ fluid reduces the lifetime of the black hole, but increases the dark information of the Hawking radiation.

Effect of Space Fractional Parameter on Nonlinear Ion Acoustic Shock Wave Excitation in an Unmagnetized Relativistic Plasma

In this work, the model equation with space fractional-order (FO) is used to investigate the nonlinear ion acoustic shock wave excitations (NIASWEs) in an unmagnetized collisionless weakly relativistic plasma having inertial relativistic ions fluid with viscous effects, inertial-less non-thermal electrons and inertial-less Boltzmann positrons. To do it, the Korteweg-de Vries Burgers equation (KdVBE) is derived from the considered fluid model equations by implementing the standard reductive perturbation method. Accordingly, such equation is converted to space fractional KdVBE via Agrawal’s variational principle with the help of the beta fractional derivative and its properties. The exact analytical solutions of KdVBE with space FO are determined via the modified Kudryashov method. The influence of space fractional and other related plasma parameters on NIASWEs are investigated. The outcomes would be useful to understand the nature of shocks with the presence of non-local or local space in many astrophysical and space environments (especially in the relativistic wind of pulsar magnetosphere, polar regions of neutron stars, etc.) and further laboratory verification.

Performance-based comparison of Yamada–Ota and Hamilton–Crosser hybrid nanofluid flow models with magnetic dipole impact past a stretched surface

The nanofluid flows play a vital role in many engineering processes owing to their notable industrial usage and excessive heat transfer abilities. Lately, an advanced form of nanofluids namely “hybrid nanofluids” has swapped the usual nanofluid flows to further augment the heat transfer capabilities. The objective of this envisaged model is to compare the performance of two renowned hybrid nanofluid models namely Hamilton–Crosser and Yamada–Ota. The hybrid nanoliquid (TiO2-SiC/DO) flow model is comprised of Titanium oxide (TiO2) and Silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles submerged into Diathermic oil (DO). The subject flow is considered over a stretched surface and is influenced by the magnetic dipole. The uniqueness of the fluid model is augmented by considering the modified Fourier law instead of the traditional Fourier law and slip conditions at the boundary. By applying the suitable similarity transformations, the system of ordinary differential equations obtained from the leading partial differential equations is handled by the MATLAB solver bvp4c package to determine the numerical solution. It is divulged that the Yamada–Ota model performs considerably better than the Hamilton–Crosser flow model as far as heat transfer capabilities are concerned. Further, the velocity reduces on increasing hydrodynamic interaction and slip parameters. It is also noted that both temperature profiles increase for higher hydrodynamic interaction and viscous dissipation parameters. The envisioned model is authenticated when compared with an already published result in a limiting case.