Capacity Expansion model for large-scale water-energy systems

This paper proposes a mathematical model to simulate Day-ahead markets of large-scale multi-energy systems with high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the importance of including unit commitment when performing such analysis. The results of the case study, which is performed for the North Sea region, show the influence of massive renewable penetration in the energy sector and increasing electrification of the district heating sector towards 2050, and how this impacts the role of other energy sources such as thermal and hydro. The penetration of wind and solar is likely to challenge the need for balancing in the system as well as the profitability of thermal units. The degree of influence of the unit commitment approach is found to be dependent on the configuration of the energy system. Overall, including unit commitment constraints with integer variables leads to more realistic behaviour of the units, at the cost of increasing considerably the computational time. Relaxing integer variables reduces significantly the computational time, without highly compromising the accuracy of the results. The proposed model, together with the insights from the study case, can be specially useful for system operators for optimal operational planning.

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Energy in the 1980s - Future trends in utilization of coal energy conversion

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1974.0036 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 276 (1261) ◽

pp. 527-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Electricity Generation ◽

Energy Input ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Local Heat ◽

Future Trends ◽

Feed Stock ◽

Environmental Considerations ◽

Potential Reserve

World reserves of fossil fuels are sufficient for many decades of increasing usage. During the next few decades at least, fossil fuels will be much the most important energy source. These fuels should be exploited in a complementary manner. Coal represents much the largest potential reserve, followed probably by hydrocarbons less easily utilized than those commonly being exploited now. Techniques exist for the conversion of coal into coke and carbons, electricity, gas and substitute oil-feed stock. Improvements in these processes are possible but their large-scale introduction depends on economics. Where coal burning can meet a requirement (local heat or steam, or electricity generation) fluidized combustion can be the most efficient process; better integration with mining techniques are possible and environmental considerations are favourable. Fluidized combustion would be a high priority unit in a ‘ Coalplex ’ which could have electricity, gas and oil as possible products. The best mix could depend on the value ascribed to the products and this in turn invokes consideration of the overall economics of energy storage, transport and demand flexibility. Looking farther ahead, coal will certainly remain a vital chemical component for various proposed energy systems and will also probably be able to compete as the energy input into conversion schemes. The technology of coal utilization may also have applications for other fossil fuels.

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Fast Decomposed Energy Flow in Large-Scale Integrated Electricity–Gas–Heat Energy Systems

IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy ◽

10.1109/tste.2018.2795755 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1565-1577 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Massrur ◽

Taher Niknam ◽

Jamshid Aghaei ◽

Miadreza Shafie-khah ◽

Joao P. S. Catalao

Keyword(s):

Energy Flow ◽

Large Scale ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Heat Energy

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Effect of Heat Demand on Integration of Urban Large-Scale Renewable Schemes—Case of Helsinki City (60 °N)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13092164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2164

Author(s):

Vahid Arabzadeh ◽

Peter D. Lund

Keyword(s):

Wind Power ◽

Large Scale ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Energy System ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Population Increase ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Heat Demand

Heat demand dominates the final energy use in northern cities. This study examines how changes in heat demand may affect solutions for zero-emission energy systems, energy system flexibility with variable renewable electricity production, and the use of existing energy systems for deep decarbonization. Helsinki city (60 °N) in the year 2050 is used as a case for the analysis. The future district heating demand is estimated considering activity-driven factors such as population increase, raising the ambient temperature, and building energy efficiency improvements. The effect of the heat demand on energy system transition is investigated through two scenarios. The BIO-GAS scenario employs emission-free gas technologies, bio-boilers and heat pumps. The WIND scenario is based on large-scale wind power with power-to-heat conversion, heat pumps, and bio-boilers. The BIO-GAS scenario combined with a low heat demand profile (−12% from 2018 level) yields 16% lower yearly costs compared to a business-as-usual higher heat demand. In the WIND-scenario, improving the lower heat demand in 2050 could save the annual system 6–13% in terms of cost, depending on the scale of wind power.

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Modeling of Large-Scale Integrated Energy Systems

Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering - Large-Scale Integrated Energy Systems ◽

10.1007/978-981-13-6943-8_2 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 15-38

Author(s):

Qing-Hua Wu ◽

Jiehui Zheng ◽

Zhaoxia Jing ◽

Xiaoxin Zhou

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Integrated Energy Systems

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Evaluating the Environmental Performance of Solar Energy Systems Through a Combined Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092539 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2539 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Milousi ◽

Manolis Souliotis ◽

George Arampatzis ◽

Spiros Papaefthimiou

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Solar Thermal ◽

Multiple Perspectives ◽

Environmental Implications

The paper presents a holistic evaluation of the energy and environmental profile of two renewable energy technologies: Photovoltaics (thin-film and crystalline) and solar thermal collectors (flat plate and vacuum tube). The selected renewable systems exhibit size scalability (i.e., photovoltaics can vary from small to large scale applications) and can easily fit to residential applications (i.e., solar thermal systems). Various technical variations were considered for each of the studied technologies. The environmental implications were assessed through detailed life cycle assessment (LCA), implemented from raw material extraction through manufacture, use, and end of life of the selected energy systems. The methodological order followed comprises two steps: i. LCA and uncertainty analysis (conducted via SimaPro), and ii. techno-economic assessment (conducted via RETScreen). All studied technologies exhibit environmental impacts during their production phase and through their operation they manage to mitigate significant amounts of emitted greenhouse gases due to the avoided use of fossil fuels. The life cycle carbon footprint was calculated for the studied solar systems and was compared to other energy production technologies (either renewables or fossil-fuel based) and the results fall within the range defined by the global literature. The study showed that the implementation of photovoltaics and solar thermal projects in areas with high average insolation (i.e., Crete, Southern Greece) can be financially viable even in the case of low feed-in-tariffs. The results of the combined evaluation provide insight on choosing the most appropriate technologies from multiple perspectives, including financial and environmental.

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