Potensi Limbah Jagung Hibrida (Zea mays L) sebagai Pakan Ternak di Daerah Dataran Kering Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Corn waste agricultural by-product that can be used for animal feed at Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) has a longer dry climate than the rainy ones, caused difficulties in terms of feeding. Farmers utilize corn waste as feed resource. This study was carried out to determine the potential corn waste and evaluate the potential capacities of livestock from corn waste as animal feed. The data was obtained from farmer group, collected during December 2019 to April 2020 in Oeteta Village, Kupang Timur - NTT. The data of corn waste material production included corn straw (stalks and leaves), corn cob, and corn husk in 7 hectares area. Data were collected by using the survey with simple random sampling for estimation of carrying capacity value. The results showed that the fresh corn waste production on the land area of 7 hectares in the Oeteta village were fresh corn straw (451,101 kg year-1), corn cob (65,225.58 kg year-1), corn husk (10,870.86 kg year-1), and total 527,197.44 kg year-1 of corn waste production. Utilization of corn waste as feed stock with the use of 30% in the ration generated a carrying capacity of 352 cattle and 2,464 goats respectively, have a carrying capacity 352 head of beef cattle and 2,464 head of goats, whereas if the use was 40% in the ration, the carrying capacity was 264 cattle and 1,851 goats. It could be concluded that the feed from corn waste available in Oeteta Village, Kupang Regency, NTT, which is 7 ha of area have sufficient carrying capacity for livestock. Key words: carrying capacity, corn waste, Oeteta Nusa Tenggara Timur

Recent advances in light-driven carbon–carbon bond formation via carbon dioxide activation

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an attractive renewable one-carbon (C1) feed-stock in terms of its earth abundance, low cost, and non-toxicity. Developing new catalytic protocols for the efficient insertion of CO2 into organic molecules has been of great importance for ecological economics. In recent years, remarkable achievements have been made in the field of light-driven catalytic carboxylation via the activa-tion of CO2 as the key reagent. In this short review, we focus on the recent development of light-promoted carboxylation utilizing CO2 to synthesize value-added chemicals in the presence of a dual visible-light photoredox/transition metal catalyst or a photoredox catalyst.

Combination of Extrusion and Fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum and L. uvarum Strains for Improving the Safety Characteristics of Wheat Bran

Processed wheat bran (W) is of great importance for food and feed. Consequently, the biosafety of W should be evaluated and improved with valorisation strategies. This study tested a design combining extrusion (at temperature of 115 and 130 °C; screw speeds of 16, 20, and 25 rpm) and fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum and L. uvarum strains for the valorisation of W to provide safer food and feed stock. The influence of different treatments on biogenic amine formation, mycotoxin content, and free amino acids, as well as acidity, microbiological parameters, and sugar concentration, were analysed. This research showed that a combination of extrusion and fermentation with selected strains can change several aspects of W characteristics. There was a significant effect of applied treatments on acidity and the microbiological parameters of W, as well as biogenic amines content. The lowest total mycotoxin concentration (29.8 µg/kg) was found in extruded (130 °C; 25 rpm) and fermented with L. uvarum sample. Finally, the combination of the abovementioned treatments can be confirmed as a prospective innovative pre-treatment for W, capable of potentially enhancing their safety characteristics and composition.