Levels of representation in visual word recognition: A dissociation between morphological and semantic processing.

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1642-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Stolz ◽  
Derek Besner
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Visual Word

scholarly journals A Computational Model of Normal and Impaired Lexical Decision: Graded Semantic Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ning Chang ◽  
Steve Furber ◽  
Matthew Lambon Ralph ◽  
Stephen Welbourne
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Pure Alexia ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractLexical decision is an important paradigm in studies of visual word recognition yet the underlying mechanisms supporting the activity are not well understood. While most models of visual word recognition focus on orthographic processing as the primary locus of the lexical decision, a number of behavioural studies have suggested a flexible role for semantic processing regulated by the similarity of the nonword foil to real words. Here we developed a computational model that interactively combines visual-orthographic, phonological and semantic processing to perform lexical decisions. Importantly, the model was able to differentiate words from nonwords by dynamically integrating measures of polarity across the key processing layers. The model was more reliant on semantic information when nonword foils were pseudowords as opposed to consonant strings. Moreover, the model was able to capture a range of standard reading effects in lexical decision. Damage to the model also resulted in reading patterns observed in patients with pure alexia, phonological dyslexia, and semantic dementia, demonstrating for the first time that both normal and neurologically-impaired lexical decision can be addressed in a connectionist computational model of reading.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Prepotent task-irrelevant semantic information is dampened by domain-specific control mechanisms during visual word recognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110308
Author(s):  
Simone Sulpizio ◽  
Remo Job ◽  
Paolo Leoni ◽  
Michele Scaltritti
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Task Irrelevant

We investigated whether semantic interference occurring during visual word recognition is resolved using domain-general control mechanism or using more specific mechanisms related to semantic processing. We asked participants to perform a lexical decision task with taboo stimuli, which induce semantic interference, as well as well as a semantic Stroop task and a Simon task, intended as benchmarks of linguistic-semantic and non-linguistic interference, respectively. Using a correlational approach, we investigated potential similarities between effects produced in the three tasks, both at the level of overall means and as a function of response speed (delta-plot analysis). Correlations selectively surfaced between the lexical decision and the semantic Stroop task. These findings suggest that, during visual word recognition, semantic interference is controlled by semantic-specific mechanisms, which intervene to face prepotent but task-irrelevant semantic information interfering with the accomplishment of the task's goal.

scholarly journals Automaticity of phonological and semantic processing during visual word recognition

NeuroImage ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chotiga Pattamadilok ◽  
Valérie Chanoine ◽  
Christophe Pallier ◽  
Jean-Luc Anton ◽  
Bruno Nazarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Visual Word

scholarly journals Neural correlates of confusability in recognition of morphologically complex Korean words

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249111
Author(s):  
Jeahong Kim ◽  
JeYoung Jung ◽  
Kichun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Morpheme Boundary

When people confuse and reject a non-word that is created by switching two adjacent letters from an actual word, is called the transposition confusability effect (TCE). The TCE is known to occur at the very early stages of visual word recognition with such unit exchange as letters or syllables, but little is known about the brain mechanisms of TCE. In this study, we examined the neural correlates of TCE and the effect of a morpheme boundary placement on TCE. We manipulated the placement of a morpheme boundary by exchanging places of two syllables embedded in Korean morphologically complex words made up of lexical morpheme and grammatical morpheme. In the two experimental conditions, the transposition syllable within-boundary condition (TSW) involved exchanging two syllables within the same morpheme, whereas the across-boundary condition (TSA) involved the exchange of syllables across the stem and grammatical morpheme boundary. During fMRI, participants performed the lexical decision task. Behavioral results revealed that the TCE was found in TSW condition, and the morpheme boundary, which is manipulated in TSA, modulated the TCE. In the fMRI results, TCE induced activation in the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS). The IPS activation was specific to a TCE and its strength of activation was associated with task performance. Furthermore, two functional networks were involved in the TCE: the central executive network and the dorsal attention network. Morpheme boundary modulation suppressed the TCE by recruiting the prefrontal and temporal regions, which are the key regions involved in semantic processing. Our findings propose the role of the dorsal visual pathway in syllable position processing and that its interaction with other higher cognitive systems is modulated by the morphological boundary in the early phases of visual word recognition.

Does Viotin Activate Violin More Than Viocin?

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Victoria Panadero
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Young Readers

The vast majority of neural and computational models of visual-word recognition assume that lexical access is achieved via the activation of abstract letter identities. Thus, a word’s overall shape should play no role in this process. In the present lexical decision experiment, we compared word-like pseudowords like viotín (same shape as its base word: violín) vs. viocín (different shape) in mature (college-aged skilled readers), immature (normally reading children), and immature/impaired (young readers with developmental dyslexia) word-recognition systems. Results revealed similar response times (and error rates) to consistent-shape and inconsistent-shape pseudowords for both adult skilled readers and normally reading children – this is consistent with current models of visual-word recognition. In contrast, young readers with developmental dyslexia made significantly more errors to viotín-like pseudowords than to viocín-like pseudowords. Thus, unlike normally reading children, young readers with developmental dyslexia are sensitive to a word’s visual cues, presumably because of poor letter representations.

The Sound of Enemies and Friends in the Neighborhood

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Pecher ◽  
Inge Boot ◽  
Saskia van Dantzig ◽  
Carol J. Madden ◽  
David E. Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Visual Word Recognition ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Visual Word ◽  
Orthographic Neighborhood ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Semantic Class ◽  
Orthographic Neighbors ◽  
Target Words

Previous studies (e.g., Pecher, Zeelenberg, & Wagenmakers, 2005) found that semantic classification performance is better for target words with orthographic neighbors that are mostly from the same semantic class (e.g., living) compared to target words with orthographic neighbors that are mostly from the opposite semantic class (e.g., nonliving). In the present study we investigated the contribution of phonology to orthographic neighborhood effects by comparing effects of phonologically congruent orthographic neighbors (book-hook) to phonologically incongruent orthographic neighbors (sand-wand). The prior presentation of a semantically congruent word produced larger effects on subsequent animacy decisions when the previously presented word was a phonologically congruent neighbor than when it was a phonologically incongruent neighbor. In a second experiment, performance differences between target words with versus without semantically congruent orthographic neighbors were larger if the orthographic neighbors were also phonologically congruent. These results support models of visual word recognition that assume an important role for phonology in cascaded access to meaning.

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