Supplemental Material for Interactive Effects of Early-Life Income Harshness and Unpredictability on Children’s Socioemotional and Academic Functioning in Kindergarten and Adolescence

We studied how a rare, endemic alpine cushion plant responds to the interactive effects of warming and drought. Overall, we found that both drought and warming negatively influenced the species growth but that existing levels of phenotypic variation may be enough to at least temporarily buffer populations.

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Effects of Psychophysiological Reactivity to a School-Related Stressor and Temperament on Early Adolescents’ Academic Performance

The Journal of Early Adolescence ◽

10.1177/0272431618797008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 904-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Scrimin ◽

Ughetta Moscardino ◽

Livio Finos ◽

Lucia Mason

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Video Clip ◽

Early Adolescents ◽

Educational Practice ◽

Academic Functioning ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Seventh Graders ◽

Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽

Psychophysiological Response

This study investigated early adolescents’ psychophysiological response to a school-related stressor (SRS) as indexed by heart rate variability and examined the unique and interactive effects of heart rate variability and temperament on academic achievement. A total of 91 seventh graders watched an SRS video-clip while their heart rate variability was registered. Temperament and grades were also assessed. Heart rate variability decreased from baseline while watching the video-clip, indicating the activation of a stress response, and returned to basal level when recovering. Regression analyses revealed that among youth with an inhibited temperament, higher heart rate variability in the poststressor phase was related to better performance, whereas socially outgoing students performed well regardless of their recovery rate. These are among the first data to report on the link between early adolescents’ parasympathetic self-regulatory activity in response to an SRS, temperamental profiles, and academic functioning. Implications for theory and educational practice are discussed.

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Interplays between pre- and post-natal environments affect early-life mortality, body mass and telomere dynamics in the wild

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.231290 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 224 (1) ◽

pp. jeb231290

Author(s):

Tiia Kärkkäinen ◽

Pauliina Teerikorpi ◽

Wiebke Schuett ◽

Antoine Stier ◽

Toni Laaksonen

Keyword(s):

Telomere Length ◽

Early Life ◽

Maternal Investment ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Hatching Order ◽

Hatching Synchrony ◽

Asynchronous Hatching ◽

In The Wild ◽

Developmental Conditions ◽

Telomere Dynamics

ABSTRACTEarly-life conditions are crucial determinants of phenotype and fitness. The effects of pre- and post-natal conditions on fitness prospects have been widely studied but their interactive effects have received less attention. In birds, asynchronous hatching creates challenging developmental conditions for the last-hatched chicks, but differential allocation in last-laid eggs might help to compensate this initial handicap. The relative importance and potential interaction between pre- and post-hatching developmental conditions for different fitness components remains mostly unknown. We manipulated hatching order in wild pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), creating three groups: natural asynchrony (last-laid eggs hatching last), reversed asynchrony (last-laid eggs hatching first) and hatching synchrony (all eggs hatching at once). We examined the effects of these manipulations on early-life survival, growth and telomere length, a potential cellular biomarker of fitness prospects. Mortality was mostly affected by hatching order, with last-hatched chicks being more likely to die. Early-life telomere dynamics and growth were influenced by the interplays between laying and hatching order. Last-laid but first-hatched chicks were heavier but had shorter telomeres 5 days after hatching than their siblings, indicating rapid early growth with potential adverse consequences on telomere length. Synchronous chicks did not suffer any apparent cost of hatching synchronously. Impaired phenotypes only occurred when reversing the natural hatching order (i.e. developmental mismatch), suggesting that maternal investment in last-laid eggs might indeed counterbalance the initial handicap of last-hatched chicks. Our experimental study thus highlights that potential interplays between pre- and post-natal environments are likely to shape fitness prospects in the wild.

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Interactive effects of genotype and early life undernutrition on the development of behavior in rats

Developmental Psychobiology ◽

10.1002/dev.420160404 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 287-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

John Tonkiss ◽

James L. Smart

Keyword(s):

Early Life ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Development Of Behavior

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Interactive Effects of Ocean Acidification, Elevated Temperature, and Reduced Salinity on Early-Life Stages of the Pacific Oyster

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es501611u ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (17) ◽

pp. 10079-10088 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Ginger W. K. Ko ◽

R. Dineshram ◽

Camilla Campanati ◽

Vera B. S. Chan ◽

Jon Havenhand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperature ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Early Life ◽

Pacific Oyster ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Life Stages ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

The Pacific

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Elevated temperature and deposited sediment jointly affect early life history traits in southernmost arctic charr populations

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjfas-2020-0256 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lisandrina Mari ◽

Martin Daufresne ◽

Jean Guillard ◽

Guillaume Evanno ◽

Emilien Lasne

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Life History ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Early Life ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Arctic Charr ◽

Early Life History ◽

The Body ◽

Interactive Effects

The combination of global warming and local stressors can have dramatic consequences on freshwater biota. Sediment deposition is an important pressure that can affect benthic species and benthic ontogenetic stages (eggs and larvae) habitat quality. However, knowledge on the effects of sediment in a warming context is lacking. We used a common garden approach to examine the effects of combined exposure to elevated temperature and deposited sediment on early life history traits in offspring of four wild arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations, originating from geographically isolated lakes at the Southern edge of the species range. We report interactive effects of temperature and sediment, with higher temperature exacerbating the negative effects of sediments on the duration of the incubation period and on the body size-yolk expenditure trade-off during development. Our results highlight that reevaluating the impacts of sediment on organisms under the lens of global warming and at the scale of several wild populations is needed to improve our understanding of how vulnerable species can respond to environmental changes.

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Early life adversity increases the salience of later life stress: an investigation of interactive effects in the PSID

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174419000308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 25-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katherine Saxton ◽

Laura Chyu

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Early Life ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Risk Model ◽

Panel Study ◽

Large Body ◽

Poor Health ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Early Life Adversity ◽

Fair Poor

AbstractA large body of evidence has shown that stress throughout life is associated with health trajectories, but the combination of adverse experiences at different stages of the life course is not yet well understood. This study examines the interactions between childhood adversity, adulthood adversity, and adult physical and mental health. Using data from The Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (CRCS) supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we created indices of early life adversity (EAI) and adult adversity (AAI). We used logistic regression to examine the effects of EAI and AAI, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, health behaviors, and childhood health as covariates in all models. We repeated this analysis for the outcomes of fair/poor health, two or more chronic conditions, and psychological distress in adulthood. For all the three outcomes, our findings suggest increasing salience of adult adversity among those who experienced higher levels of early adversity. Individuals with high EAI and high AAI exhibited the highest odds of fair/poor health (OR = 5.71), chronic conditions (OR = 3.06), and psychological distress (OR = 13.08) compared to those with low EAI and low AAI. These findings are consistent with the accumulation of risk or dual risk model of stress and health. Adversity in childhood amplifies the health risks associated with stress in adulthood for multiple health outcomes.

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