Human Factors and Basic Research on Stress & Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Basic Research

Basic Research in Human Factors

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Van Cott ◽  
Elizabeth Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Basic Research

A Human Factors Tool Kit

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-571
Author(s):  
Paul B. Kline ◽  
Peter J. McAlindon
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Real World ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
The Real ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The variety of tools and techniques available to help the human factors professional apply basic research data to the real world is constantly increasing. Despite this, there are few available sources of objective information about tools. Most of the information available to practitioners comes in the form of advertisements and professional contacts. Unfortunately, the emphasis is often on newest or latest when less expensive ‘low tech’ solutions may work just as well. Moreover, there are likely tools or techniques known to practitioners in one area of the human factors that are unknown to individuals in other areas of the discipline. The current effort seeks to identify tools useful to the human factors professional and to increase awareness of existing tools which can facilitate the application of Human Factors data to the real world. An added emphasis was placed on those tools which can be employed easily and inexpensively.

Gerontechnology™, the Modelling of Normal Aging

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A.M. Graafmans ◽  
Tonny Brouwers
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Human Function ◽  
Societal Problems

Demographics announce the rise of an array of small and bigger challenges, which cannot be taken up adequately by a single research discipline, industrial branche or central administration. The segregation and segmentation of our society causes limiting conditions in facing the most substantial and acute societal problems. The complexity and versatility of these problems require a policy that has to be conceptualized. The concept “gerontechnology” is introduced to cover and provide some coherent elements in order to establish a strategy, that is aiming at an efficient and effective use of essential resources, to match developments induced by an aging population. Normal aging processes can be described within this concept using the man-machine-environment interaction model that is loaded with sets of variables that are characteristic for an aging human function. Sets of variables are distinguished at three levels with increasing complexity from basic research on parameters of aging, via human factors research on grey human factors, to market research on daily consumer needs of the elderly. Two projects are presented as examples of respectively an industrial and a basic research approach in this domain.

Human Factors as Design: An Attempt to Bridge the Gap between Basic and Applied Research

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-499
Author(s):  
Neville Moray
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Limiting Values

This paper describes a course in the human factors of the design of complex systems. The course content, methods, and source materials were chosen to emphasize the possibility of using “basic” research in the applied problem of designing complex human-machine systems. Students were required to handle interdisciplinary knowledge and work with engineers on designing a process control plant. Three important principles are proposed to enable basic research to be applied to design problems. These are the Principle of Boundary Conditions which allows false theories to be useful: the Principle of Limiting Values, which allows exact quantities collected in context free research to be used in context dependent design: and the Principle of Importance in statistics, which states that significant results which have small magnitudes should be ignored in design. The paper will describe the experience of centering human factors training on design rather than knowledge acquisition.

The Concept of Macro-Basic Research in Human Factors

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
D. Meister
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
System Concept ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oriented Research

The purpose of this paper is to describe certain Human Factors (HF) research topics that are fundamental to our understanding of human performance in systems. Other key subjects addressed are: the system concept; the relationship between HF and Psychology; the role of academically-oriented research in HF; and government funding of HF research.

Design Engineers and the Design Process: Decision Strategies and Human Factors Literature

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Klein ◽  
Christopher P. Brezovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Performance

The types of human perception and performance information that training device designers need in making design decisions were studied to identify the types of human performance data needed to make these decisions. A total of 50 experienced designers were studied. For a subset of 39 of these designers, the interviews focused on critical design decisions where there was a need for human perception and performance data. The utility of the sources used in the decision was assessed and showed the present technical literature database of little value in the problem solving of the designers. The data collected indicated systematic decision making strategies were used in a minority of cases. Instead, there was a heavy reliance on informal experiments and analogous cases for guidance in resolving design questions, The implications are that human factors specialists can have a stronger influence on design through identification of analogous cases, and participating in prototype studies than by identifying basic research findings.

Navy Command Decision Making: Basic Research, Applied Research, and Transition to Enhance Current and Future Capabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 372-374
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Clegg ◽  
Jeffrey G. Morrison ◽  
Noelle L. Brown ◽  
Karen M. Feigh ◽  
Harvey S. Smallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Office Of Naval Research ◽  
Machine Systems

The emergence of Human Factors as a discipline is often traced to pioneering efforts tackling military issues in World War II. Rapid technological advances raised fundamental questions around human performance. Approaches, solutions, and advances in the science soon spread outside of their original military contexts. Current and emerging technologies, and also new challenges for human-machine systems, means Human Factors remains central to military effectiveness, while producing outcomes with broader potential impact. This panel discussion will examine an array of contributions to the Office of Naval Research program on Command Decision Making. The session will explore methods to understand and enhance decision making through: (1) Addressing gaps that demand further foundational knowledge to produce empirical generalizations, models, and theories as basis for future guidelines, principles, specifications, and doctrine for Navy Command Decision Making; (2) Applications of existing knowledge within specific contexts to address current /future real world Navy decision making challenges.

A New 1,000 kV Electron Microscope

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
M. Nishigaki ◽  
S. Katagiri ◽  
H. Kimura ◽  
B. Tadano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Biological Specimen ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron

The high voltage electron microscope has many advantageous features in comparison with the ordinary electron microscope. They are a higher penetrating efficiency of the electron, low chromatic aberration, high accuracy of the selected area diffraction and so on. Thus, the high voltage electron microscope becomes an indispensable instrument for the metallurgical, polymer and biological specimen studies. The application of the instrument involves today not only basic research but routine survey in the various fields. Particularly for the latter purpose, the performance, maintenance and reliability of the microscope should be same as those of commercial ones. The authors completed a 500 kV electron microscope in 1964 and a 1,000 kV one in 1966 taking these points into consideration. The construction of our 1,000 kV electron microscope is described below.

An emerging technology: Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
M.J. Hennessy ◽  
E. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Nmr Microscopy ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Temperature Relaxation ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Much progress in nuclear magnetic resonance microscope has been made in the last few years as a result of improved instrumentation and techniques being made available through basic research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies for medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was first observed in the hydrogen nucleus in water by Bloch, Purcell and Pound over 40 years ago. Today, in medicine, virtually all commercial MRI scans are made of water bound in tissue. This is also true for NMR microscopy, which has focussed mainly on biological applications. The reason water is the favored molecule for NMR is because water is,the most abundant molecule in biology. It is also the most NMR sensitive having the largest nuclear magnetic moment and having reasonable room temperature relaxation times (from 10 ms to 3 sec). The contrast seen in magnetic resonance images is due mostly to distribution of water relaxation times in sample which are extremely sensitive to the local environment.

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