The Concept of Macro-Basic Research in Human Factors

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
D. Meister
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
System Concept ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oriented Research

The purpose of this paper is to describe certain Human Factors (HF) research topics that are fundamental to our understanding of human performance in systems. Other key subjects addressed are: the system concept; the relationship between HF and Psychology; the role of academically-oriented research in HF; and government funding of HF research.

scholarly journals DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 Gene Polymorphisms and Laryngeal Cancer Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7486
Author(s):  
Mirosław Śnit ◽  
Maciej Misiołek ◽  
Wojciech Ścierski ◽  
Anna Koniewska ◽  
Grażyna Stryjewska-Makuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Allele Distribution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

AIM, DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 are the cell glycoprotein, which play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. This study was designed to assess the association between DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 SNPs and laryngeal cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study including 267 patients with histologically confirmed laryngeal cancer and 157 controls. The relationship between genetic variations DIAPH2 (rs6620138), PTPRD (rs3765142) and HIC1 (rs9901806) and the onset of laryngeal cancer were investigated. Statistical analysis to calculate the relationship between DIAPH2, PTPRD and HIC1 genes polymorphism and pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer. RESULTS: The results showed that rs6620138 DIAPH2 polymorphism could increase the onset risk of laryngeal cancer. Statistically significant differences in allele distribution of rs6620138 DIAPH2 and rs9901806 HIC1 in the case and control groups subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: This study results suggested that genetic variation of rs6620138 DIAPH2 polymorphism is related to the susceptibility to laryngeal cancer. Our results provide a basis to begin basic research on the role of DIAPH2 gene in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer.

scholarly journals Role of human factors in pediatric cardiac surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 2016 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aklaque Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Intended Action ◽  
Healthcare Improvement ◽  
Attention Memory

According to the Institute of Healthcare Improvement, “human factors” refers to the discipline of engineering that details the interface of people, equipment and the environment in which they work. Issues that impact human performance and increase the risk of error include factors that directly enable decision making, such as perception, attention, memory, reasoning, judgement and factors that directly enable decision execution, such as communication and the ability to carry out the intended action. 

Role of Human Values in Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: An Empirical Study in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 4653-4659
Author(s):  
Ratchada Fongtanakit ◽  
Sriparinya Toopgajank ◽  
Duangsamorn Rungsawanpho
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Career Intentions ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial career intentions. This study also provides the mediating role of human factors like openness and self enhancement in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial career intentions. Methodology: This study is based on quantitative methodology in which questionnaires were given to the students of different universities of Thailand studying business courses. Questionnaires were given to 309 students. Questionnaires have been filled to self-administered technique and also through online way. The responses were then analyzed by using statistical tools such as SPSS and AMOS through CFA and SEM. Results: The results have shown that entrepreneurial education has the significant positive impact on entrepreneurial career intentions directly and also through the mediating roles of human values like openness and self enhancement. Implications: It is an extension to literature related to the role of human factors and their impact on the entrepreneurial career intentions. It also helps the students of Thailand of undergraduate and master level to enhance the ability in them to face and overcomes all the problems related to their business. Value: The value of this study is the relationship of the entrepreneurship education with the mediating role of human values like openness and self enhancement and their impact on the entrepreneurial career intentions which was not discussed in the previous studies.

scholarly journals (Positive) power to the child: The role of children's willing stance toward parents in developmental cascades from toddler age to early preadolescence

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Kochanska ◽  
Sanghag Kim ◽  
Lea J. Boldt
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Socialization Agents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractIn a change from the once-dominant view of children as passive in the parent-led process of socialization, children are now seen as active agents who can considerably influence that process. However, these newer perspectives typically focus on the child's antagonistic influence, due either to a difficult temperament or aversive, resistant, negative behaviors that elicit adversarial responses from the parent and lead to future coercive cascades in the relationship. Children's capacity to act as receptive, willing, even enthusiastic, active socialization agents is largely overlooked. Informed by attachment theory and other relational perspectives, we depict children as able to adopt an active willing stance and to exert robust positive influence in the mutually cooperative socialization enterprise. A longitudinal study of 100 community families (mothers, fathers, and children) demonstrates that willing stance (a) is a latent construct, observable in diverse parent–child contexts, parallel at 38, 52, and 67 months and longitudinally stable; (b) originates within an early secure parent–child relationship at 25 months; and (c) promotes a positive future cascade toward adaptive outcomes at age 10. The outcomes include the parent's observed and child-reported positive, responsive behavior, as well as child-reported internal obligation to obey the parent and parent-reported low level of child behavior problems. The construct of willing stance has implications for basic research in typical socialization and in developmental psychopathology as well as for prevention and intervention.

scholarly journals Biología aplicada: una aproximación interdisciplinar a la investigación del cáncer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Estany
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Relevant Point ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Applied Biology

RESUMENLa importancia de la biología aplicada tiene que ver con una serie de fenómenos en torno al papel de la ciencia y la tecnología en nuestra sociedad. Entre dichos fenómenos podemos señalar la imbricación que en la actualidad existe entre la investigación básica, la utilización de ésta por las ciencias de diseño y la construcción tecnología para cambiar la realidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el papel de la biología molecular en la investigación del cáncer, a partir del marco teórico de las ciencias de diseño de H. Simon (1969), la reflexión filosófica de I. Niiniluoto (1993), y la praxiología como ciencia de la acción eficiente de T. Kotarbinski (1965).PALABRAS CLAVECIENCIA APLICADA, INVESTIGACIÓN BÁSICA, CIENCIAS DE DISEÑO, INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE EL CÁNCERABSTRACTThe importance of applied biology has to do with a series of events around the role of science and technology in our society. The relevant point is the relationship that exists between basic research, the use of this design in science and construction technology to change the reality. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of molecular biology in cancer research, from the theoretical framework of design science H. Simon (1969), philosophical reflection of I. Niiniluoto (1993), and Praxeology as a science of efficient action of T. Kotarbinski (1965).KEYWORDSAPPLIED SCIENCE, BASIC RESEARCH, DESIGN SCIENCE, CANCER RESEARCH

scholarly journals New Strategies for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Norbert Jost ◽  
Torsten Christ ◽  
János Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Atrial Remodelling ◽  
Ectopic Firing ◽  
The Relationship

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia in the clinical practice. It significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality of the elderly population. Over the past 25–30 years intense effort in basic research has advanced the understanding of the relationship between the pathophysiology of AF and atrial remodelling. Nowadays it is clear that the various forms of atrial remodelling (electrical, contractile and structural) play crucial role in initiating and maintaining the persistent and permanent types of AF. Unlike in ventricular fibrillation, in AF rapid ectopic firing originating from pulmonary veins and re-entry mechanism may induce and maintain (due to atrial remodelling) this complex cardiac arrhythmia. The present review presents and discusses in detail the latest knowledge on the role of remodelling in AF. Special attention is paid to novel concepts and pharmacological targets presumably relevant to the drug treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Design Engineers and the Design Process: Decision Strategies and Human Factors Literature

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Klein ◽  
Christopher P. Brezovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Performance

The types of human perception and performance information that training device designers need in making design decisions were studied to identify the types of human performance data needed to make these decisions. A total of 50 experienced designers were studied. For a subset of 39 of these designers, the interviews focused on critical design decisions where there was a need for human perception and performance data. The utility of the sources used in the decision was assessed and showed the present technical literature database of little value in the problem solving of the designers. The data collected indicated systematic decision making strategies were used in a minority of cases. Instead, there was a heavy reliance on informal experiments and analogous cases for guidance in resolving design questions, The implications are that human factors specialists can have a stronger influence on design through identification of analogous cases, and participating in prototype studies than by identifying basic research findings.

Navy Command Decision Making: Basic Research, Applied Research, and Transition to Enhance Current and Future Capabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 372-374
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Clegg ◽  
Jeffrey G. Morrison ◽  
Noelle L. Brown ◽  
Karen M. Feigh ◽  
Harvey S. Smallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Office Of Naval Research ◽  
Machine Systems

The emergence of Human Factors as a discipline is often traced to pioneering efforts tackling military issues in World War II. Rapid technological advances raised fundamental questions around human performance. Approaches, solutions, and advances in the science soon spread outside of their original military contexts. Current and emerging technologies, and also new challenges for human-machine systems, means Human Factors remains central to military effectiveness, while producing outcomes with broader potential impact. This panel discussion will examine an array of contributions to the Office of Naval Research program on Command Decision Making. The session will explore methods to understand and enhance decision making through: (1) Addressing gaps that demand further foundational knowledge to produce empirical generalizations, models, and theories as basis for future guidelines, principles, specifications, and doctrine for Navy Command Decision Making; (2) Applications of existing knowledge within specific contexts to address current /future real world Navy decision making challenges.

scholarly journals A Social Psychological Toolbox for Clinical Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 229 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Klaus Fiedler ◽  
David J. Grüning
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Sketch

Abstract. Translational science involves the fruitful interplay between basic research paradigms and related fields of application. One promising candidate for such synergy is the relationship between social and clinical psychology. Although the relation is principally bi-directional, such that either discipline can take the role of the basic and the applied science, we take the perspective of transfer from basic social and cognitive social psychology to applications in the clinical realm. Starting from a historical sketch of some of the earliest topics in the interface of both disciplines, we first come to conclude that truly integrative co-theorizing is conspicuously missing. Then, however, we recognize the strong potential for productive collaboration at the pragmatic level of an adaptive research toolbox containing approved methods and compact theoretical tools that carry over between disciplines. We outline the notion of a generic, provisional toolbox as distinguished from a fixed repertoire of established standard procedures. We provide examples of two subsets of tools, methods and logical principles required proper diagnostic reasoning, and theoretically founded influence tools that can enrich the repertoire of therapeutic interventions. Rather than propagating a normatively prescriptive toolbox, we interpret translational science as a pluralistic endeavor, such that different clinicians complete their personalized toolboxes in manifold ways.

scholarly journals Anandamide and endocannabinoid system: an attractive therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virna Margarita Martín Giménez ◽  
Sandra Edith Noriega ◽  
Diego Enrique Kassuha ◽  
Lucía Beatriz Fuentes ◽  
Walter Manucha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
The Relationship

Cardiovascular disease is currently not adequately managed and has become one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapies are inadequate in terms of preventing its progression. There are several limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability, side effects, low adherence to treatment, and high dosage frequency of formulations due to the short half-life of the active ingredients used, among others. This review aims to highlight the most relevant aspects of the relationship between the cardiovascular system and the endocannabinoid system, with special attention to the possible translational effect of the use of anandamide in cardiovascular health. The deep and detailed knowledge of this interaction, not always beneficial, and that for years has gone unnoticed, is essential for the development of new therapies. We discuss the most recent and representative results obtained in the field of basic research, referring to the aforementioned subject, emphasizing fundamentally the main role of nitric oxide, renal physiology and its deregulation in pathological processes.

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