The Effects of Word Valence on Primary Task Performance

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik L. Olheiser ◽  
Curtis A. Theis
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Primary Task

Does Secondary Task Measure Outcome Conflict or Resource Allocation?

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (18) ◽  
pp. 1398-1402
Author(s):  
Pamela S. Tsang ◽  
Tonya L. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Memory Probe ◽  
Temporal Predictability ◽  
Task Measure

The secondary task technique was used to test two alternative explanations of dual task decrement: outcome conflict and resource allocation. Subjects time-shared a continuous tracking task and a discrete Sternberg memory task. The memory probes were presented under three temporal predictability conditions. Dual task performance decrements in both the tracking and memory tasks suggested that the two tasks competed for some common resources, processes, or mechanisms. Although performance decrements were consistent with both the outcome conflict and resource allocation explanations, the two explanations propose different mechanisms by which the primary task could be protected from interference from the concurrent secondary task. The primary task performance could be protected by resource allocation or by strategic sequencing of the processing of the two tasks in order to avoid outcome conflict. In addition to examining the global trial means, moment-by-moment tracking error time-locked to the memory probe was also analyzed. There was little indication that the primary task was protected by resequencing of the processing of the two tasks. This together with the suggestion that predictable memory probes led to better protected primary task performance than less predictable memory probes lend support for the resource explanation.

Extra-task performance as a measure of learning a primary task.

1954 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry P. Bahrick ◽  
Merrill Noble ◽  
Paul M. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Primary Task

The Impact of Auditory Task Complexity on Primary Task Performance in Military Land Vehicle Crew

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2185-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Lenné ◽  
Benjamin L Hoggan ◽  
Justin Fidock ◽  
Geoff Stuart ◽  
Eugene Aidman
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Land Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

Yoked Design and Secondary Task in Adaptive Training

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
David F. Johnson ◽  
Robert C. Haygood ◽  
William M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Adaptive Training ◽  
Level Of Difficulty

This paper describes two methodological innovations in the study of adaptive training. The first is the use of a yoked design to insure that the average level of task difficulty for fixed-difficulty subjects is the same as the average level of difficulty reached by adaptive subjects. The second is the demonstration of the feasibility of using a secondary (subsidiary, non-loading) task to furnish the adaptive criterion for changing the difficulty level of the primary task. The results of two experiments are reported. Both experiments demonstrate the feasibility and utility of yoked design and adaptation on secondary task performance in adaptive training.

scholarly journals Real-World Media Multitasking Shows Few Effects on Lab-Based Volitional Multitasking Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Lopez ◽  
Joseph M Orr
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Real World ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Computer Environment

Media multitasking (e.g., listening to podcasts while studying) has been linked to decreased executive functioning. However, the tasks used to establish this finding do not approximate a real-world volitional multitasking environment. A novel experimental framework was designed to mimic a desktop computer environment where a “popup” associated with a secondary task would occasionally appear. Participants could select the popup and perform a difficult word stem completion trial or ignore the popup and continue performing the primary task which consisted of math problems. We predicted that individuals who are more impulsive, more frequent media multitaskers, and individuals who prefer to multitask(quantified with self-report questionnaires) would be more distracted by the popups, choose to perform the secondary task more often, and be slower to return to the primary task compared to those who media multitask to a lesser degree. We found that as individuals media multitask to a greater extent, they are slower to return to the previous (primary) task set and are slower to complete the primary task overall whether a popup was present or not, among other task performance measures. Our findings suggest that overall, more frequent media multitaskers show a marginal decrease in task performance, including an increased return cost, but those who prefer to multitask show the opposite pattern of effects with some performance measures. Impulsivity was not found to influence any task performance measures. Further iterations of this paradigm are necessary to elucidate the relationship between media multitasking and task performance, if one exists.

Controlling for Individual Differences in a Dual-Task Setting: Equating the Baselines of Single Task Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 916-920
Author(s):  
Bradley Chase ◽  
Holly M. Irwin-Chase ◽  
Jaclyn T. Sonico
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
The Individual

Individual differences in human performance is an issue that confounds many studies and has not been properly controlled in the ergonomics/human factors literature. This paper examines the concept of individual differences in performance primarily from the perspective of cognitive performance. A study was designed to test the effect of a secondary visual task on a primary visual task. In one condition, participants performed the dual task, while assigning no weight to the secondary task. In the second condition, the primary task was performed simultaneously with the secondary task. The effect of the added workload was measured via the effect on primary task performance. In the baseline portion of the task participants had their baseline (80–90% accuracy) of performance collected by adjusting the stimulus duration. The individual participant stimulus duration was then used as the experimental stimulus duration and the effect of secondary task performance on primary task performance was measured.

Change Detection on Periphery and Dual-Task Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (17) ◽  
pp. 1645-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mon-Chu Chen ◽  
Filipe Fortes ◽  
Roberta Klatzky ◽  
William Long
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Primary Task ◽  
Peripheral Stimulus ◽  
Dual Task Performance

A variation of the Wickens' Task was performed to examine the assumption that people can detect certain stimuli on their periphery without decreasing the performance of the primary task. Participants were instructed to respond to a change in a peripheral stimulus without shifting their gaze from a primary task in the center of their visual field. Our data suggests that both type and magnitude of change have a significant effect on detection rate and reaction time. The data also suggests that the performance of the primary task did not decay after the change of the stimuli occurred. Based on these findings, we argue that people can detect various types of changes without shifting gaze and without degrading task performance. Therefore, an interface particularly designed for peripheral vision is possible, and it will potentially provide benefits to both productivity and safety.

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