First response to nicotine can predict addiction, study finds

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First Response

How First-Response Providers Cope With Traumatic Events How First-Response Providers Cope With Traumatic Events

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5050 (3535) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard McKeon
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
First Response

Hélène Cixous, Tambours sur la digue, performed by the Théâtre du Soleil, Paris, May 2000: A First Response

Paragraph ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
JULIA DOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Helene Cixous ◽  
First Response

Hélèene Cixous,Tambours sur la digue, performed by the Théâtre du Soleil, Paris, May 2000: A First Response

Paragraph ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
JULIA DOBSON
Keyword(s):  
First Response

Framing Morality: How Antecedent-Focused Strategies Can Shape Moral Judgments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kappes ◽  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
First Response ◽  
High Conflict

From moral philosophy to programming driverless cars, scholars have long been interested in how to shape moral decision-making. We examine how framing can impact moral judgments either by shaping which emotional reactions are evoked in a situation (antecedent-focused) or by changing how people respond to their emotional reactions (response-focused). In three experiments, we manipulated the framing of a moral decision-making task before participants judged a series of moral dilemmas. Participants encouraged to go “with their first” response beforehand favored emotion-driven judgments on high-conflict moral dilemmas. In contrast, participants who were instructed to give a “thoughtful” response beforehand or who did not receive instructions on how to approach the dilemmas favored reason-driven judgments. There was no difference in response-focused control during moral judgements. Process-dissociation confirmed that people instructed to go with their first response had stronger emotion-driven intuitions than other conditions. Our results suggest that task framing can alter moral intuitions.

Undergraduates’ Disclosures of Unwanted Sexual Experiences: Who, Why, and When?

2019 ◽  
pp. 107780121988518
Author(s):  
C. J. Eubanks Fleming ◽  
Emma C. Muscari
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Experiences ◽  
First Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Assault Survivors

This study evaluated patterns of sexual assault disclosures as well as the response and impact of that response on assault survivors. The sample consisted of 217 undergraduates with a history of sexual assault (89.5% female, 76.5% Caucasian). Participants reported the order in which they disclosed and the nature and impact of the response they received. Results indicated that the majority of participants told close peers first and perceived the first response to be supportive. These findings are encouraging but also demonstrate the need for improving the response that an assault survivor receives.

scholarly journals Task Analysis of Paramedics in the Ambulance Patient Compartment

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 278-284
Author(s):  
Rosnah Mohd Yusuff ◽  
Abdul Malik bin Zainal Abidin ◽  
Fazlollah Agamohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Quality Improvement ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Occupant Protection ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Working Space ◽  
First Response

An ambulance is designed through the modification of an existing standard vehicle body. By converting, renovating and equipping a standard vehicle body with a patient stretcher, paramedic seats, nearside seats, and related medical equipment, the vehicle becomes an ambulance. Therefore, the requirements and layout of the ambulance interior are constrained by the space available and dimensions of the adopted vehicle. Ambulance occupant protection, safety and ergonomic aspects are usually compromised. High quality and consistent emergency care demand continuous quality improvement and is directly dependent on the effective monitoring, integration, and evaluation of all components of the patients care. Currently, there is no standard or guideline regarding patient compartment layout to help ambulance manufacturers to improve this confine working space. This study aims to assess and evaluate ambulance patient compartment and its effect on the paramedics in performing their tasks. Since the paramedics have to respond to emergencies, their comfort, safety and ease of handling the various equipment in the ambulance has to be considered. A combination of techniques was applied to collect comprehensive data, including interviews, observations and questionnaires which outcomes are used as a basis of suggestions for the improvement in ambulance layout design. By analyzing the tasks performed, a proper layout which considers the ergonomic aspects will ensure that the first response is efficient and reliable.

scholarly journals The prevention of – and first response to – injuries in Nepal: a review of policies and legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Raj Pant ◽  
Julie Mytton ◽  
Milan Raj Dharel ◽  
Amrit Dangi ◽  
Writu Bhatta Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Current System ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
First Response ◽  
Critical Policy ◽  
Federal Governance

AbstractBackgroundInjuries, the cause of an estimated 4.5 million deaths annually and many more disabilities worldwide each year, are the predictable outcome of particular circumstances. One of the most effective ways to prevent injuries is through policy and legislation. The aim of this research study was to identify and critically review all policy and legislation in Nepal that had the potential to prevent injuries.MethodsWe identified legislation and policy that met inclusion criteria through a stakeholder meeting, networks and contacts, and websites and electronic resources. Each included document was critically reviewed to identify areas of strength and opportunities for improvement. We compared the included documents against WHO’s recommendations of known effective interventions.ResultsSixty-two documents met the inclusion criteria for this review. Of these, 24 (38.7%) were exclusively related to road injuries, 11 (17.7%) to occupational injuries, 6 (9.7%) to injuries in the home and 5 (8.1%) to injuries at school; 30 (48.4%) documents included text related to the first response to injuries. Of 127 strategic recommendations by WHO that provided an area for policy or legislative focus, 21 (16.5%) were considered adequately met by Nepali policy and legislation, 43 (33.9%) were considered partially met and 63 (49.6%) were not met.ConclusionWe drew five conclusions from this critical policy review, which we have related to recommendations as follows: widening the scope of legislation and policy for injury prevention to emphasize injuries occurring at home or school; addressing the causes of injuries and promoting proven preventive measures; greater clarity on both individual and institutional roles and responsibilities; trustworthy data and quality evidence to inform decision-making; and financial investment and capacity-strengthening for injury prevention and first response. The current system of federal governance in Nepal has potential for strengthening injury prevention and first response at the central, provincial and local levels.

What Is Fatigue?

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Macintosh ◽  
Dilson E. Rassier
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Response ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Calcium Sensitivity ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Posttetanic Potentiation ◽  
Tetanic Contraction ◽  
First Response ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation

Fatigue and potentiation are two forms of force modulation. A general definition of fatigue is "a circumstance where less than the anticipated contractile response is obtained." Fatigue is associated with depressed Ca2+ release and possibly decreased Ca2+ sensitivity. Potentiation results from increased Ca2+ sensitivity due to regulatory light chain phosphorylation. Muscle fatigue and potentiation can coexist, making it difficult to quantify these processes. With repetitive 10 Hz stimulation, the developed tension first increases, then decreases. Is fatigue present when developed tension first begins to decrease or when it falls below the developed tension of the first response? Intermittent incompletely fused tetanic contractions for which peak developed tension first decreases, then increases, is another unusual example of fatigue. A third example is when twitch contractions following a tetanic contraction decrease to a level below the pretetanic twitch amplitude, indicating that fatigue may have been coexistent with posttetanic potentiation. These observations illustrate the complexity of detecting fatigue, based on the simple, but commonly accepted definition presented above. Care must be taken in interpreting "before vs. after" contractile responses. Even when the contraction amplitude is greater than the initial response, there is no guarantee that mechanisms associated with fatigue are not present. Key words: calcium sensitivity, staircase, posttetanic potentiation, myosin light chains, skeletal muscle

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