Does language-specific syntax modulate cross-language lexical processing?

What is the time course of cross-language activation in deaf sign–print bilinguals? Prior studies demonstrating cross-language activation in deaf bilinguals used paradigms that would allow strategic or conscious translation. This study investigates whether cross-language activation can be eliminated by reducing the time available for lexical processing. Deaf ASL–English bilinguals and hearing English monolinguals viewed pairs of English words and judged their semantic similarity. Half of the stimuli had phonologically related translations in ASL, but participants saw only English words. We replicated prior findings of cross-language activation despite the introduction of a much faster rate of presentation. Further, the deaf bilinguals were as fast or faster than hearing monolinguals despite the fact that the task was in their second language. The results allow us to rule out the possibility that deaf ASL–English bilinguals only activate ASL phonological forms when given ample time for strategic or conscious translation across their two languages.

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18. Individual variation in bilingual lexical processing: the impact of second language proficiency and executive function on cross-language activation

Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science (HSK) ◽

10.1515/9783110435351-018 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 210-222

Author(s):

Janet G. van Hell ◽

Katharine Donnelly Adams ◽

Fatemeh Abdollahi

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Executive Function ◽

Language Proficiency ◽

Individual Variation ◽

Lexical Processing ◽

Second Language Proficiency ◽

Language Activation ◽

Cross Language ◽

The Impact

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Semantic competitor priming within and across languages: The interplay of vocabulary knowledge, learning experience and working memory capacity

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728910000507 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 433-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

LI HONG ◽

BRIAN MACWHINNEY

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Lexical Processing ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Working Memory Capacity ◽

Memory Capacity ◽

Vocabulary Knowledge ◽

Classroom Context ◽

Dynamic View ◽

English Classroom ◽

Cross Language

This paper reports three studies of bilingual lexical processing, using the semantic competitor priming (SCP) method of Lee and Williams (2001). Study 1 found a trend of within-language SCP effect for Chinese–English bilinguals with both higher and lower levels of vocabulary knowledge. There was also a cross-language SCP effect, but this was restricted to bilinguals with a lower level of vocabulary knowledge. Study 2 found a cross-language SCP effect for Chinese learners of English in the classroom context. Study 3 found both within- and cross-language SCP effects for bilinguals with study-abroad experience as well as Chinese–English classroom learners who had a higher working memory capacity. Those findings are interpreted in terms of a dynamic view of bilingual language selection.

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Ontogenenis model of L2 lexical representation: Cross-language links to account for bilingual lexical processing

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728921000663 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Janet G. van Hell

Keyword(s):

Lexical Processing ◽

Lexical Representation ◽

Cross Language

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The effect of age of L2 acquisition on the organization of the bilingual lexicon: Evidence from masked priming

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728913000643 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 542-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

LAURA SABOURIN ◽

CHRISTIE BRIEN ◽

MICHELE BURKHOLDER

Keyword(s):

Lexical Processing ◽

Language Translation ◽

Masked Priming ◽

L2 Acquisition ◽

L2 Proficiency ◽

Priming Effects ◽

Semantic Level ◽

Translation Priming ◽

Early English ◽

Cross Language

This study investigates the role of age of acquisition (AoA) on the bilingual mental lexicon. Four groups of participants were tested: (i) English native speakers with minimal exposure to French; (ii) late English–French bilinguals; (iii) early English–French bilinguals; and (iv) simultaneous English–French bilinguals. We used a masked priming paradigm to investigate early, automatic lexical processing at the semantic level by testing both a within-language semantic condition and a cross-language translation condition. AoA was investigated both through group effects and a correlation analysis. We found significant translation priming effects for the simultaneous and early bilinguals only, and a significant correlation between AoA and translation priming effects. Due to the matched L2 proficiency of the early and late bilinguals, these results support our hypothesis that an early AoA, regardless of L2 proficiency, is crucial in order to find the L2-to-L1 priming effects that have often been elusive in recent studies.

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EXPRESS: Do both WRAP and TRAP inhibit the recognition of the French word DRAP? Impact of orthographic markedness on cross-language orthographic priming

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/17470218211048770 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174702182110487

Author(s):

Eva Commissaire

Keyword(s):

Word Recognition ◽

Lexical Decision ◽

Lexical Decision Task ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Lexical Processing ◽

Decision Task ◽

Lexical Competition ◽

Orthographic Coding ◽

Orthographic Priming ◽

Cross Language

We investigated lexical and sub-lexical orthographic coding in bilingual visual word recognition by examining interactions between orthographic neighborhood and markedness. In three experiments, French/English bilinguals performed a masked lexical decision task in French (L1) in which orthographically related prime words could be either marked or unmarked English (L2) words, compared to unrelated primes (e.g., wrap, trap, gift – DRAP, meaning sheet). The results yielded an overall inhibition priming effect, which was unexpectedly more robust in the marked condition than in the unmarked one. This result highlights the need to integrate both lexical competition and orthographic markedness in bilingual models such as BIA/+ and determine how the latter may modulate lexical processing in bilinguals.

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Finding a 'flower' in a 'peanut' is as easy as in a 'garden': towards a lemma-based model of bilingual word recognition

10.31219/osf.io/gwcbn ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Wang ◽

Marcus Taft

Keyword(s):

Word Recognition ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Lexical Processing ◽

Semantic Transparency ◽

Morphological Decomposition ◽

Strong Trend ◽

Priming Paradigm ◽

Morphological Priming ◽

Language Activation ◽

Cross Language

The present study investigates how morphological information is processed and represented in the bilingual lexicon. We employed a masked cross-language morphological priming paradigm to examine morphological decomposition and semantic transparency in bilingual lexical processing. A robust and reliable morphological priming effect was observed for both transparent compounds and opaque compounds, though there was a strong trend for more facilitation in the former than the latter. To account for these results, we propose a lemma-based bilingual model specifying the activation/competition between lemmas during cross-language activation at the morphological level. Our novel findings advance the understanding of interplay between morphology and bilingualism.

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Psychometric Parameters of the Spanish Version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS)1

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.20.4.349 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 349-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽

Joaquin Tomás-Sabádo ◽

Juana Gómez-Benito

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Kuwait University ◽

Males And Females ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Arabic And English ◽

Cross Language ◽

Language Equivalence

Summary: To construct a Spanish version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS), the Arabic and English versions of the KUAS have been separately translated into Spanish. To check the comparability in terms of meaning, the two Spanish preliminary translations were thoroughly scrutinized vis-à-vis both the Arabic and English forms by several experts. Bilingual subjects served to explore the cross-language equivalence of the English and Spanish versions of the KUAS. The correlation between the total scores on both versions was .93, and the t value was .30 (n.s.), denoting good similarity. The Alphas and 4-week test-retest reliabilities were greater than .84, while the criterion-related validity was .70 against scores on the trait subscale of the STAI. These findings denote good reliability and validity of the S-KUAS. Factor analysis yielded three high-loaded factors of Behavioral/Subjective, Cognitive/Affective, and Somatic Anxiety, equivalent to the original Arabic version. Female (n = 210) undergraduates attained significantly higher mean scores than their male (n = 102) counterparts. For the combined group of males and females, the correlation between the total score on the S-KUAS and age was -.17 (p < .01). By and large, the findings of the present study provide evidence of the utility of the S-KUAS in assessing trait anxiety levels in the Spanish undergraduate context.

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