Effects of Working Memory Capacity on the Speed and Accuracy of Learning in Reinforcement Learning Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnane Ez-Zizi ◽  
Simon Farrell ◽  
David Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Models ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

scholarly journals The role of working memory capacity in implicit and explicit sequence learning of children: Differentiating movement speed and accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 102556
Author(s):  
Femke van Abswoude ◽  
Tim Buszard ◽  
John van der Kamp ◽  
Bert Steenbergen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

scholarly journals Bilingual access of homonym meanings: Individual differences in bilingual access of homonym meanings

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA BEATRIZ ARÊAS DA LUZ FONTES ◽  
ANA ISABEL SCHWARTZ
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

The goal of the present study was to identify the cognitive processes that underlie lexical ambiguity resolution in a second language (L2). We examined which cognitive factors predict the efficiency in accessing subordinate meanings of L2 homonyms in a sample of highly-proficient, Spanish–English bilinguals. The predictive ability of individual differences in (1) homonym processing in the L1, (2) working memory capacity and (3) sensitivity to cross-language form overlap were examined. In two experiments, participants were presented with cognate and noncognate homonyms as either a prime in a lexical decision task (Experiment 1) or embedded in a sentence (Experiment 2). In both experiments speed and accuracy in accessing subordinate meanings in the L1 was the strongest predictor of speed and accuracy in accessing subordinate meanings in the L2. Sensitivity to cross-language form overlap predicted performance in lexical decision while working memory capacity predicted processing in sentence comprehension.

scholarly journals Effects of methylphenidate on reinforcement learning depend on working memory capacity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Rostami Kandroodi ◽  
Jennifer L. Cook ◽  
Jennifer C. Swart ◽  
Monja I. Froböse ◽  
Dirk E. M. Geurts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Probabilistic Reversal Learning

Abstract Rationale Brain catecholamines have long been implicated in reinforcement learning, exemplified by catecholamine drug and genetic effects on probabilistic reversal learning. However, the mechanisms underlying such effects are unclear. Objectives and methods Here we investigated effects of an acute catecholamine challenge with methylphenidate (20 mg, oral) on a novel probabilistic reversal learning paradigm in a within-subject, double-blind randomised design. The paradigm was designed to disentangle effects on punishment avoidance from effects on reward perseveration. Given the known large individual variability in methylphenidate’s effects, we stratified our effects by working memory capacity and trait impulsivity, putatively modulating the effects of methylphenidate, in a large sample (n = 102) of healthy volunteers. Results Contrary to our prediction, methylphenidate did not alter performance in the reversal phase of the task. Our key finding is that methylphenidate altered learning of choice-outcome contingencies in a manner that depended on individual variability in working memory span. Specifically, methylphenidate improved performance by adaptively reducing the effective learning rate in participants with higher working memory capacity. Conclusions This finding emphasises the important role of working memory in reinforcement learning, as reported in influential recent computational modelling and behavioural work, and highlights the dependence of this interplay on catecholaminergic function.

Differential Effects of Executive Processes on Working Memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
Xuezhu Ren ◽  
Tengfei Wang ◽  
Karl Schweizer ◽  
Jing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Prepotent Response ◽  
Two Measures

Abstract. Although attention control accounts for a unique portion of the variance in working memory capacity (WMC), the way in which attention control contributes to WMC has not been thoroughly specified. The current work focused on fractionating attention control into distinctly different executive processes and examined to what extent key processes of attention control including updating, shifting, and prepotent response inhibition were related to WMC and whether these relations were different. A number of 216 university students completed experimental tasks of attention control and two measures of WMC. Latent variable analyses were employed for separating and modeling each process and their effects on WMC. The results showed that both the accuracy of updating and shifting were substantially related to WMC while the link from the accuracy of inhibition to WMC was insignificant; on the other hand, only the speed of shifting had a moderate effect on WMC while neither the speed of updating nor the speed of inhibition showed significant effect on WMC. The results suggest that these key processes of attention control exhibit differential effects on individual differences in WMC. The approach that combined experimental manipulations and statistical modeling constitutes a promising way of investigating cognitive processes.

Working Memory Capacity and a Notorious Brain Teaser

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim De Neys ◽  
Niki Verschueren
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Normative Reasoning ◽  
Monty Hall Dilemma ◽  
Monty Hall ◽  
Memory Resources

Abstract. The Monty Hall Dilemma (MHD) is an intriguing example of the discrepancy between people’s intuitions and normative reasoning. This study examines whether the notorious difficulty of the MHD is associated with limitations in working memory resources. Experiment 1 and 2 examined the link between MHD reasoning and working memory capacity. Experiment 3 tested the role of working memory experimentally by burdening the executive resources with a secondary task. Results showed that participants who solved the MHD correctly had a significantly higher working memory capacity than erroneous responders. Correct responding also decreased under secondary task load. Findings indicate that working memory capacity plays a key role in overcoming salient intuitions and selecting the correct switching response during MHD reasoning.

The effects of reading purpose and working memory capacity on the processing of expository text.

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Linderholm ◽  
Paul van den Broek
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity

Bayes factors for reinforcement-learning models of the Iowa gambling task.

Decision ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Steingroever ◽  
Ruud Wetzels ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Models
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