Language education: communicative tolerance as a component of communicative competence

The subject of this research is language education as teaching a foreign language; the object of this research is the concepts "competency" and "competence". The authors consider the views of foreign and domestic scientists and researchers on the content of the categories "competency" and "competence", and conduct comparative analysis. Particular attention is paid to the elements of the key competencies, namely communication competence. Analysis is conducted on aspects as "communicative competence" and "communicative tolerance". Communicative competence includes not only the command of languages, but also mastering various social roles in the team and the ability to communicate. The author emphasizes the role of the "Foreign languages" discipline in the formation of communicative competence and communicative tolerance of students . The conclusion is made that communicative tolerance is the component of communicative competence. It is necessary to purposefully cultivate communicative competence in students, as the communicative readiness for tolerant communication with the interaction partners. Teaching students a foreign language form communicative competence aimed at mastering the ability of students to communicate tolerantly. The scientific novelty lies in the statement that communicative competence includes not only the command of languages, but also mastering various social roles in the team and students' skill of tolerate communication. The proposed analysis will be of interest to the scientists dealing with the nature of the categories "competency" and "competence".

Creating Sign Language Web Forms

Currently, the World Wide Web allows web pages to be produced in most written languages. Many deaf people, however, use a visual-spatial language with no written equivalent (e.g. American Sign Language). SignLink Studio, a software tool for designing sign language web pages, allows for hyperlinking within video clips so that sign language only web pages can be created. However, this tool does not allow for other interactive elements such as online forms. In this thesis, a model for an online sign language form is proposed and evaluated. A study consisting of 22 participants was conducted to examine whether there were differences in performance of preferences between sign language forms and text forms, and between two presentation styles (all-at-once versus one-at-a-time). The results showed that there was no clear performance advantage between sign language and text; however, participants were interested in having online questions presented in sign language. Also, there were no advantages in performance or preferences between presentation styles.

Creating Sign Language Web Forms

Currently, the World Wide Web allows web pages to be produced in most written languages. Many deaf people, however, use a visual-spatial language with no written equivalent (e.g. American Sign Language). SignLink Studio, a software tool for designing sign language web pages, allows for hyperlinking within video clips so that sign language only web pages can be created. However, this tool does not allow for other interactive elements such as online forms. In this thesis, a model for an online sign language form is proposed and evaluated. A study consisting of 22 participants was conducted to examine whether there were differences in performance of preferences between sign language forms and text forms, and between two presentation styles (all-at-once versus one-at-a-time). The results showed that there was no clear performance advantage between sign language and text; however, participants were interested in having online questions presented in sign language. Also, there were no advantages in performance or preferences between presentation styles.

Human-Robots And Google Translate: A Case Study Of Translation Accuracy In Translating French-Indonesian Culinary Texts

Google Translate (GT) is the most widely used translator application in the world. The function of GT is not merely as tools but has become a means in personal communication, learning and business matters. This paper aims to examine the GT accuracy in translating culinary texts. This paper used a semiotic approach to analyze the equivalence of GT from the source language to the target language. The data source as the object of study is French culinary texts retrieved from the internet. It can be concluded that the accuracy of GT in culinary texts lies in words, phrases and sentences. GT does not yet have good accuracy in translating culture between source and target languages. In the semiotic perspective, the GT translation model is the translation from the source language form to the target language form (signifier) by maintaining the concept (meaning). GT does not yet have a translation feature in a cultural context. The advancement in information technology shows that GT, as a human-robot, can replace human translators.

Cross-domain sentiment analysis model on Indonesian YouTube comment

A cross-domain sentiment analysis (CDSA) study in the Indonesian language and tree-based ensemble machine learning is quite interesting. CDSA is useful to support the labeling process of cross-domain sentiment and reduce any dependence on the experts; however, the mechanism in the opinion unstructured by stop word, language expressions, and Indonesian slang words is unidentified yet. This study aimed to obtain the best model of CDSA for the opinion in Indonesia language that commonly is full of stop words and slang words in the Indonesian dialect. This study was purposely to observe the benefits of the stop words cleaning and slang words conversion in CDSA in the Indonesian language form. It was also to find out which machine learning method is suitable for this model. This study started by crawling five datasets of the comments on YouTube from 5 different domains. The dataset was copied into two groups: the dataset group without any process of stop word cleaning and slang word conversion and the dataset group to stop word cleaning and slang word conversion. CDSA model was built for each dataset group and then tested using two types of tree-based ensemble machine learning, i.e., Random Forest (RF) and Extra Tree (ET) classifier, and tested using three types of non-ensemble machine learning, including Naïve Bayes (NB), SVM, and Decision Tree (DT) as the comparison. Then, It can be suggested that the accuracy of CDSA in Indonesia Language increased if it still removed the stop words and converted the slang words. The best classifier model was built using tree-based ensemble machine learning, particularly ET, as in this study, the ET model could achieve the highest accuracy by 91.19%. This model is expected to be the CDSA technique alternative in the Indonesian language.

Philology and the History of Words: Some Notes on the Humanists’ Etymological Argumentation

The article concerns the influence of humanist scholarship on sixteenth-century etymological practices, testified in the Neo-Latin reference works and special treatises on linguistics and history. Being an important part of historical research, which relied mostly on Greek and Latin literary sources, etymology could not but adopt some important principles and instruments of contemporary philological work, notably on the source criticism. The foremost rule was to study the sources in their original language, form, and eliminate any corrupted data as well as any information not attested in written sources. This presumed that every text had its own written history, which tended to be a gradual deterioration of its state, represented in the manuscript tradition that was subject to scribal errors and misinterpretations. This view on the textual history was strikingly consonant with that on the history of languages, which was treated by the humanists as permanent corruption and inevitable degeneration from the noble and perfect state of their ancient ancestors. In an effort to restore the original text, philology used emendation as a cure for scribal abuse and textual losses; likewise, language historians had their own tool, namely etymology, to reconstruct and explain the original form of words (including the nomenclature of various sciences). The intersection of both procedures is taken into account in the article and it demonstrates how textual conjectures, manuscript collation, and graphical interpretation of misreadings were employed by the sixteenth-century scholars to corroborate their etymological speculations, which established themselves as one of the ways of the reception and criticism of classical scholarly heritage.