Many prostate biopsies are done on very elderly men who are less likely than younger men to benefit from treatment

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Saad

AbstractThe vulnerable health status usually preceding the onset of overt disability is often referred to as frailty. A stringent definition is elusive but it can be viewed as a physiological syndrome, characterized by decreased reserve and diminished resistance to stressors, resulting from a cumulative decline across multiple physiological systems and causing vulnerability to adverse outcomes. Elements of frailty are related to the neurological system, metabolism, joints, bones, and muscles. Sarcopenia seems to be the major determinant of frailty. Several components of the frailty syndrome are related to loss of physiological actions of testosterone (T). T and/or its aromatized metabolite, estradiol, are necessary for maintenance of bone mineral density. Furthermore, T stimulates erythrocyte formation. T has a profound effect on body composition. Androgens promote differentiation of mesenchymal pluripotent cells into the myogenic lineage and inhibit differentiation into the adipogenic lineage. Skeletal muscles of older men are as responsive to the anabolic effects of T as of younger men. Thus, although frailty is obviously a complex syndrome, some elements are androgen-associated and these can improve in men with subnormal T levels when treated with T. Evidence suggests that T treatment in frail elderly men with low T improves body composition, quality of life, and physical function, including increased axial bone mineral density and body composition. The data available to date strongly suggest a relationship between T-deficiency and frailty and warrant further basic and clinical investigations to extend these observations to the management of elderly men with frailty.


2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Saad ◽  
Aksam Yassin ◽  
Ahmad Haider ◽  
Gheorghe Doros ◽  
Louis Gooren

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre A.S. Soares ◽  
Wladimir M. Freitas ◽  
Andre V.T. Japiassú ◽  
Luiz A. Quaglia ◽  
Simone N. Santos ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 177-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Armstrong ◽  
Carl A Olsson ◽  
Ian D. Schnadig ◽  
Raoul S Concepcion ◽  
Jeffrey L. Vacirca ◽  
...  

177 Background: Managing patients ≥ 80 years old (yo) with mCRPC is challenging, given the high prevalence of comorbidities, polypharmacy, organ dysfunction, and reduced performance status (PS). Balancing treatment benefit with safety and quality of life is particularly germane for this group. Sipuleucel-T, an autologous cellular immunotherapy for mCRPC, is generally well-tolerated. Prior analyses from PROCEED, a large registry for sipuleucel-T in men with mCRPC, demonstrated that upregulation of immune cells in these elderly patients is similar to that of younger men. Here, we report on this clinical experience. Methods: PROCEED enrolled men with mCRPC treated with sipuleucel-T given every 2 weeks x 3, with no dose adjustment for organ dysfunction or drug interactions. The elderly cohort included those ≥ 80 yo. Men were followed until death, study withdrawal, or a minimum of 3 years. Results: Of 1902 patients who received ≥1 sipuleucel-T infusion, 374 (19.7%) were ≥ 80 yo. Compared to men < 80 yo (Table), this cohort was 14 years older, had worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS and higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at baseline. All grade (16.3% elderly v. 13.7% younger) and grade 3-5 (10.7% elderly v. 9.9% younger) serious adverse events were comparable between groups. However, the median overall survival (OS) of elderly men was 10.7 mo shorter than that of younger men (< 80 yo). Conclusions: Sipuleucel-T was generally well-tolerated in those ≥ 80 yo in a real-world setting and may be considered a first-line option for the elderly with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC. As expected, OS was shorter than in younger patients. Clinical trial information: NCT01306890. [Table: see text]


2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Nyaboe Nyarangi-Dix ◽  
Georgi Tosev ◽  
Ivan Damgov ◽  
Philipp Reimold ◽  
Cem Aksoy ◽  
...  

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