A Model for Source Monitoring in the Paired-Associates Learning Paradigm

24 subjects learned test scores and grade point averages with r = 0, r = .7, and r = 1 in a paired-associates learning paradigm in which they were instructed to observe the relationship between the numbers and to guess those numbers they did not remember on the basis of the relationship. It was hypothesized that intermediate correlations are difficult for subjects to utilize. The r = 1 deck was easier to learn than the other two, and the r = 0 and r = .7 decks did not differ significantly. The position of the deck influenced performance only in the r = .7 deck. In that deck performance was worst when the deck occupied the first position, when the subject was presumably most influenced by the relation-seeking set instructions. The results supported the hypothesis that intermediate correlations present particular difficulties.

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A hybrid model of source monitoring in paired-associates learning.

Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition ◽

10.1037/xlm0000639 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1042-1065

Author(s):

Francis S. Bellezza ◽

Jennifer K. Elek

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Model ◽

Source Monitoring ◽

Paired Associates

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A Hierarchy of Multinomial Models for Multidimensional Source Monitoring

Methodology ◽

10.1027/1614-1881.1.1.2 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 2-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Thorsten Meiser

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processes ◽

Source Monitoring ◽

Source Information ◽

Model Comparisons ◽

Storage And Retrieval ◽

Multinomial Processing Tree ◽

Multinomial Models ◽

Hierarchical Relationship ◽

Statistical Framework ◽

Tree Models

Abstract. Several models have been proposed for the measurement of cognitive processes in source monitoring. They are specified within the statistical framework of multinomial processing tree models and differ in their assumptions on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information. In the present article, a hierarchical relationship is demonstrated between multinomial models for crossed source information ( Meiser & Bröder, 2002 ), for partial source memory ( Dodson, Holland, & Shimamura, 1998 ) and for several sources ( Batchelder, Hu, & Riefer, 1994 ). The hierarchical relationship allows model comparisons and facilitates the specification of identifiability conditions. Conditions for global identifiability are discussed, and model comparisons are illustrated by reanalyses and by a new experiment on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information.

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Warnings Reduce False Memories for Missing Aspects of Events

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000087 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 207-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Matthew P. Gerrie ◽

Maryanne Garry

Keyword(s):

False Recognition ◽

Source Monitoring ◽

False Memories ◽

Monitoring Framework

When people see movies with some parts missing, they falsely recognize many of the missing parts later. In two experiments, we examined the effect of warnings on people’s false memories for these parts. In Experiment 1, warning subjects about false recognition before the movie (forewarnings) reduced false recognition, but warning them after the movie (postwarnings) reduced false recognition to a lesser extent. In Experiment 2, the effect of the warnings depended on the nature of the missing parts. Forewarnings were more effective than postwarnings in reducing false recognition of missing noncrucial parts, but forewarnings and postwarnings were similarly effective in reducing false recognition of crucial missing parts. We use the source monitoring framework to explain our results.

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Do People’s Motives Influence Their Susceptibility to Imagination Inflation?

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Stefanie J. Sharman ◽

Samantha Calacouris

Keyword(s):

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Source Monitoring ◽

False Beliefs ◽

Explicit Motives ◽

Imagination Inflation ◽

Motivational Model ◽

Past Experiences ◽

Implicit And Explicit ◽

Affiliation Motives

People are motivated to remember past autobiographical experiences related to their current goals; we investigated whether people are also motivated to remember false past experiences related to those goals. In Session 1, we measured subjects’ implicit and explicit achievement and affiliation motives. Subjects then rated their confidence about, and memory for, childhood events containing achievement and affiliation themes. Two weeks later in Session 2, subjects received a “computer-generated profile” based on their Session 1 ratings. This profile suggested that one false achievement event and one false affiliation event had happened in childhood. After imagining and describing the suggested false events, subjects made confidence and memory ratings a second time. For achievement events, subjects’ explicit motives predicted their false beliefs and memories. The results are explained using source monitoring and a motivational model of autobiographical memory.

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The Effect of Outcome Probability on Generalization in Predictive Learning

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000429 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 23-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hadar Ram ◽

Dieter Struyf ◽

Bram Vervliet ◽

Gal Menahem ◽

Nira Liberman

Keyword(s):

High Probability ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Perceptual Similarity ◽

Learning Paradigm ◽

Predictive Learning ◽

Lightning Bolt ◽

Outcome Probability

Abstract. People apply what they learn from experience not only to the experienced stimuli, but also to novel stimuli. But what determines how widely people generalize what they have learned? Using a predictive learning paradigm, we examined the hypothesis that a low (vs. high) probability of an outcome following a predicting stimulus would widen generalization. In three experiments, participants learned which stimulus predicted an outcome (S+) and which stimulus did not (S−) and then indicated how much they expected the outcome after each of eight novel stimuli ranging in perceptual similarity to S+ and S−. The stimuli were rings of different sizes and the outcome was a picture of a lightning bolt. As hypothesized, a lower probability of the outcome widened generalization. That is, novel stimuli that were similar to S+ (but not to S−) produced expectations for the outcome that were as high as those associated with S+.

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