Bridging research, policy, and practice for ethnic conflict management: Alone we can do so little, together we can do so much

‘Inclusion’ has emerged as a prominent theme in peacemaking. However, its exact meaning remains vague, as do assumptions about the relationship between inclusion and peace. This article seeks to problematize the research, policy and practice of inclusion. Focusing on United Nations (UN) peacemaking, we ask how the object of inclusion has been framed, and based on what strategies and underlying rationales. We do so against the backdrop of emerging debates about an agonistic peace, which suggest that violent antagonistic relationships can be overcome if peace processes enable contestation between adversaries. This requires that peacemakers recognize the constitutive role of difference in political settlements. We identify three distinct strategies for inclusion, with corresponding framings of the included. Firstly, inclusion can be used to build a more legitimate peace; secondly, to empower and protect specific actor groups; and thirdly, to transform the sociopolitical structures that underlie conflict. The first strategy frames the included in open terms that can accommodate a heterogeneity of actors, the second in closed terms pertaining to specific identity traits, and the third in relational terms emerging within a specific social, cultural and political context. In practice, this leads to tensions in the operationalization of inclusion, which are evidence of an inchoate attempt to politicize peace processes. In response, we argue for an approach to relational inclusion that recognizes the power relations from which difference emerges; neither brushing over difference, nor essentializing single identity traits, but rather remaining flexible in navigating a larger web of relationships that require transformation.

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Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2014-0041 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 14-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kevin J. Gaston ◽

Sian Gaston ◽

Jonathan Bennie ◽

John Hopkins

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Research Policy ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Artificial Lighting ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Benefits And Costs ◽

Do So ◽

Natural Cycles

Artificial lighting has transformed the outdoor nighttime environment over large areas, modifying natural cycles of light in terms of timing, wavelength, and distribution. This has had widespread benefits and costs to humankind, impacting on health and wellbeing, vehicle accidents, crime, energy consumption and carbon emissions, aesthetics, and wildlife and ecosystems. Here, we review these effects, particularly in the context of ongoing developments in the extent of artificial lighting and in the prevalent technologies being employed. The key issue that emerges is how best to maximize the benefits of artificial nighttime lighting whilst limiting the costs. To do so, three main strategies are required. First, important knowledge gaps need to be filled. Second, there is an urgent need to connect the research being conducted in different disciplines, which to date has been very disjointed. Third, it is imperative that much firmer and well-developed links are made between research, policy, and practice.

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Updating the Secondary Transition Research Base: Evidence- and Research-Based Practices in Functional Skills

Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals ◽

10.1177/2165143420958674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 28-46

Author(s):

Dawn A. Rowe ◽

Valerie L. Mazzotti ◽

Catherine H. Fowler ◽

David W. Test ◽

Vickie J. Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Students With Disabilities ◽

Research Policy ◽

Future Research ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Secondary Transition ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Evidence Based Practices ◽

Transition Research ◽

Research Based Practices ◽

Do So

Transition education should be grounded in quality research. To do so, educators need information on which practices are effective for teaching students with disabilities transition-related skills. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to identify evidence-based and research-based practices in secondary special education and transition for students with disabilities. This systematic review resulted in the identification of nine secondary transition evidence-based practices and 22 research-based practices across more than 45 different transition-related skills. The range of effects for each of the secondary transition evidence-based and research-based practices identified are also included. Limitations and implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.

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Educating Girls: Complexities of Informing Meaningful Social Change

Studies in Social Justice ◽

10.26522/ssj.v12i2.1627 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 195-214

Author(s):

Karen Monkman

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

Research Policy ◽

Asian Country ◽

Community Sustainability ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Dynamic Interactions ◽

Global Policy ◽

The Face ◽

Do So

Jackie Kirk devoted her career to trying to bridge the relationships among research, policy and practice for the purpose of making the world a better place for children, teachers, and communities. Reflecting her priorities, we examine herein how research, policy and practice interact to enable a robust and dynamic program that educates girls for purposes far beyond typical policy priorities of access and parity. To do so, we rely on interviews and focus group discussions that involved over 130 individuals who were involved with one girls’ education program in a remote region of a Southeast Asian country. Their narratives reveal that the program was flexible and responsive, yet guided by clear ideas about gender equity. This work is not prescriptive or predictable; it evolves through dynamic interactions. Global policy priorities of access and parity became means toward more important goals including community sustainability in the face of environmental and economic challenges. Structures that enabled this robust program included space, time, funding, and a dynamic conceptual lens.

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Alternative denominators in transport crime rates

10.31235/osf.io/neaxh ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Reka Solymosi ◽

Matthew P J Ashby ◽

Tom Cohen ◽

Aiden Sidebottom

Keyword(s):

Public Transportation ◽

Research Policy ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Modern Cities ◽

Open Source Data ◽

Source Data ◽

London Underground ◽

Crime Types ◽

Crime Risk ◽

Do So

Ensuring passenger security on mass transit is vital for modern cities. Failure to do so may jeopardize the societal, environmental and health benefits of public transportation. One challenge with securing transit environments comes from the difficulty of accurately estimating the risk of criminal victimization at various nodes, particularly with respect to the choice of denominator that most reliably captures variations in the number of opportunities for different crime types. In this paper, we draw on open-source data as denominators for calculating the risk of violent crime on London Underground. We argue that denominator choice can depend on the ease of availability, accuracy and applicability of the data required, and demonstrate how the choice of denominator significantly affects estimations of crime risk. We make recommendations for research, policy and practice in denominator choice, and finally integrate the results to develop a taxonomy of London Underground stations based on their risk profiles across all measures.

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