scholarly journals Educating Girls: Complexities of Informing Meaningful Social Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-214
Author(s):  
Karen Monkman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Community Sustainability ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Do So

Jackie Kirk devoted her career to trying to bridge the relationships among research, policy and practice for the purpose of making the world a better place for children, teachers, and communities. Reflecting her priorities, we examine herein how research, policy and practice interact to enable a robust and dynamic program that educates girls for purposes far beyond typical policy priorities of access and parity. To do so, we rely on interviews and focus group discussions that involved over 130 individuals who were involved with one girls’ education program in a remote region of a Southeast Asian country. Their narratives reveal that the program was flexible and responsive, yet guided by clear ideas about gender equity. This work is not prescriptive or predictable; it evolves through dynamic interactions. Global policy priorities of access and parity became means toward more important goals including community sustainability in the face of environmental and economic challenges. Structures that enabled this robust program included space, time, funding, and a dynamic conceptual lens.

Daring to differ? Strategies of inclusion in peacemaking

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas T Hirblinger ◽  
Dana M Landau
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Single Identity ◽  
Sociopolitical Structures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So ◽  
Specific Identity

‘Inclusion’ has emerged as a prominent theme in peacemaking. However, its exact meaning remains vague, as do assumptions about the relationship between inclusion and peace. This article seeks to problematize the research, policy and practice of inclusion. Focusing on United Nations (UN) peacemaking, we ask how the object of inclusion has been framed, and based on what strategies and underlying rationales. We do so against the backdrop of emerging debates about an agonistic peace, which suggest that violent antagonistic relationships can be overcome if peace processes enable contestation between adversaries. This requires that peacemakers recognize the constitutive role of difference in political settlements. We identify three distinct strategies for inclusion, with corresponding framings of the included. Firstly, inclusion can be used to build a more legitimate peace; secondly, to empower and protect specific actor groups; and thirdly, to transform the sociopolitical structures that underlie conflict. The first strategy frames the included in open terms that can accommodate a heterogeneity of actors, the second in closed terms pertaining to specific identity traits, and the third in relational terms emerging within a specific social, cultural and political context. In practice, this leads to tensions in the operationalization of inclusion, which are evidence of an inchoate attempt to politicize peace processes. In response, we argue for an approach to relational inclusion that recognizes the power relations from which difference emerges; neither brushing over difference, nor essentializing single identity traits, but rather remaining flexible in navigating a larger web of relationships that require transformation.

Benefits and costs of artificial nighttime lighting of the environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Gaston ◽  
Sian Gaston ◽  
Jonathan Bennie ◽  
John Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Do So ◽  
Natural Cycles

Artificial lighting has transformed the outdoor nighttime environment over large areas, modifying natural cycles of light in terms of timing, wavelength, and distribution. This has had widespread benefits and costs to humankind, impacting on health and wellbeing, vehicle accidents, crime, energy consumption and carbon emissions, aesthetics, and wildlife and ecosystems. Here, we review these effects, particularly in the context of ongoing developments in the extent of artificial lighting and in the prevalent technologies being employed. The key issue that emerges is how best to maximize the benefits of artificial nighttime lighting whilst limiting the costs. To do so, three main strategies are required. First, important knowledge gaps need to be filled. Second, there is an urgent need to connect the research being conducted in different disciplines, which to date has been very disjointed. Third, it is imperative that much firmer and well-developed links are made between research, policy, and practice.

What is resilience? A review and concept analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Windle
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Concept Analysis ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course

SummaryThe complexities of defining what appears to be the relatively simple concept of resilience are widely recognized. This paper analyses the concept of resilience from a range of disciplinary perspectives and clarifies a definition in order to inform research, policy and practice. The work takes a life course approach to resilience, examining evidence derived from research across the lifespan. It incorporates the methods of systematic review, concept analysis and consultation through face-to-face meetings. The synthesis of methodological approaches enables a clear identification of the antecedents, defining attributes and consequences of resilience, validated with stakeholder partners. Through this process, resilience is defined as the process of effectively negotiating, adapting to, or managing significant sources of stress or trauma. Assets and resources within the individual, their life and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation and ‘bouncing back’ in the face of adversity. Across the life course, the experience of resilience will vary. A large proportion of resilience research is routed within the discipline of developmental psychology, and has mainly been developed with children and adolescents. A major contribution to resilience research could be made through more multi-disciplinary studies that examine the dynamics of resilience across the lifespan, its role in healthy ageing and in managing loss, such as changes in cognitive functioning.

scholarly journals Updating the Secondary Transition Research Base: Evidence- and Research-Based Practices in Functional Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Dawn A. Rowe ◽  
Valerie L. Mazzotti ◽  
Catherine H. Fowler ◽  
David W. Test ◽  
Vickie J. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Secondary Transition ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Transition Research ◽  
Research Based Practices ◽  
Do So

Transition education should be grounded in quality research. To do so, educators need information on which practices are effective for teaching students with disabilities transition-related skills. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to identify evidence-based and research-based practices in secondary special education and transition for students with disabilities. This systematic review resulted in the identification of nine secondary transition evidence-based practices and 22 research-based practices across more than 45 different transition-related skills. The range of effects for each of the secondary transition evidence-based and research-based practices identified are also included. Limitations and implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Child Protection and Social Inequality: Understanding Child Prostitution in Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Pearson Nkhoma ◽  
Helen Charnley
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Violent Relationships ◽  
Child Prostitution ◽  
Practice Recommendations ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Capability Approach

This article draws on empirical research to develop understandings of child prostitution, previously theorised on the basis of children’s rights, feminist, and structure/agency debates, largely ignoring children’s own understandings of their involvement in prostitution. Conducted in Malawi, which is one of the economically poorest countries in the world, the study goes to the heart of questions of inequality and child protection. Within a participatory research framework, nineteen girls and young women used visual methods to generate images representing their experiences of prostitution. Individual and group discussions were used to illuminate the meanings and significance of their images. With the exception of the youngest, participants understood their initial involvement in prostitution as a means of survival in the face of poverty and/or parental death, or escape from violent relationships, experiences that were subsequently mirrored by exploitation and violence within prostitution. Using the lens of the capability approach, we capture the complexity of child prostitution, demonstrating the ambiguous agency of participants in the face of deeply embedded patriarchal cultural norms that constrained their choices and limited their freedom to pursue valued lives. We end by reflecting critically on the theoretical and methodological contributions of the study, making policy and practice recommendations and identifying opportunities for further research.

scholarly journals Trajectories of adolescent life satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Orben ◽  
Richard E. Lucas ◽  
Delia Fuhrmann ◽  
Rogier Kievit
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Adolescent Life Satisfaction ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Age Range

Increasing global policy interest in measuring and improving population wellbeing has prompted many academic investigations into the dynamics of life satisfaction across the lifespan. While numerous international projects now track adults’ life satisfaction trajectories, little research has simultaneously assessed both adults and adolescents using comparable samples and techniques. Yet adolescence harbours developmental changes that could affect wellbeing far into adulthood: adolescent life satisfaction trajectories are, therefore, critical to map and understand. Analysing data from 91,267 UK participants aged 10-80 years, sampled annually for up to 9 years, this study investigates how life satisfaction develops throughout adolescence. Using a latent growth curve approach, we find a decrease in life satisfaction during adolescence, which is steeper than at any other point across adolescence and adulthood. Further, adolescent females’ life satisfaction decreases earlier than males’; this is the only substantial gender difference in life satisfaction that emerges across the wide age range studied. The study highlights the importance of adopting a lifespan perspective with respect to subjective wellbeing in areas spanning research, policy and practice.

scholarly journals Alternative denominators in transport crime rates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reka Solymosi ◽  
Matthew P J Ashby ◽  
Tom Cohen ◽  
Aiden Sidebottom
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
Source Data ◽  
London Underground ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Crime Risk ◽  
Do So

Ensuring passenger security on mass transit is vital for modern cities. Failure to do so may jeopardize the societal, environmental and health benefits of public transportation. One challenge with securing transit environments comes from the difficulty of accurately estimating the risk of criminal victimization at various nodes, particularly with respect to the choice of denominator that most reliably captures variations in the number of opportunities for different crime types. In this paper, we draw on open-source data as denominators for calculating the risk of violent crime on London Underground. We argue that denominator choice can depend on the ease of availability, accuracy and applicability of the data required, and demonstrate how the choice of denominator significantly affects estimations of crime risk. We make recommendations for research, policy and practice in denominator choice, and finally integrate the results to develop a taxonomy of London Underground stations based on their risk profiles across all measures.

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