A methodology for child safety seat design

Systematic observations of 231 children (infancy to 5 years) and the 231 adults accompanying them were made in 29 supermarkets in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The objective of the study was to describe the influence of two indices of adult supervision in supermarkets on children's activities in shopping carts. Adult supervision was measured by whether the adult ever lost sight of the child and whether the adult was 10 feet or more from the child at any time during a shopping trip. 23% of the children stood on the ends or sides of carts; 49% climbed or tried to climb out of carts. Adults lost sight of a child, whether in or outside the cart, a mean of 3.3 times and were 10 feet away 2.7 times during an average shopping trip. Logistic regression showed that a child rather than an adult pushing a shopping cart through the store was the strongest factor related to standing on ends or sides of carts. Pushing by a child was more likely to occur when adult monitoring was low and when children were older. Climbing out was predicted by the number of times an adult was > 10 feet away, older children, and a child being in the cart basket as opposed to outside the cart or in the child safety seat.

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Managing non-response rates for the National Child Safety Seat Survey in Canada

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/ip.2009.024893 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 97-101

Author(s):

T. Yi Wen ◽

A. W. Snowdon ◽

A. Hussein ◽

S. E. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Response Rates ◽

Child Safety ◽

Safety Seat

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Accounting for Clustering and Non-ignorable Missingness in Binomial Responses: Application to the Canadian National Survey on Child Safety Seat

Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-59280-0_73 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 891-901

Author(s):

Syed Ejaz Ahmed ◽

Abdulkadir A. Hussein ◽

Anne Snowdon ◽

Yiwen Tang

Keyword(s):

National Survey ◽

Child Safety ◽

Safety Seat

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An exploratory investigation of child safety seat use among citizens of the United Arab Emirates

Journal of Transportation Safety & Security ◽

10.1080/19439962.2016.1228090 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (sup1) ◽

pp. 130-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicole Bromfield ◽

Moataz Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

United Arab Emirates ◽

Child Safety ◽

Exploratory Investigation ◽

Safety Seat

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The Association Between Hands-On Instruction and Proper Child Safety Seat Installation

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.106.s3.924 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 106 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 924-929

Author(s):

Wendy G. Lane ◽

Gilbert C. Liu ◽

Elizabeth Newlin

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Private Insurance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Child Safety ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Main Outcome Measure ◽

Hands On ◽

Safety Seat

Objective. To determine if hands-on instruction in child safety seat (CSS) installation decreases the number of errors in installation. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Primary care offices, emergency department, CSS checkpoint. Participants. Parents of children <2 years old receiving medical care or attending a CSS check. Main Outcome Measure. Errors in CSS use. Results. Only 6.4% of parents had a correctly installed CSS. Hands-on instruction was associated with fewer errors in seat installation. Increased parent age, completion of college, and having private insurance were also associated with fewer errors in CSS placement. The majority of parents learned to install seats from reading the manual, from friends and relatives, and from figuring it out on their own. Conclusions. Errors in CSS installation are a significant problem. Hands-on instruction decreases the numbers of errors in CSS installation. However, few parents receive hands-on instruction from experts in CSS installation. Increases in correct CSS use could result from hands-on education by trained professionals.

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