Confirmation bias in scientific reasoning: The roles of gender, perceived competence and actual competence

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana T. Ballion ◽  
Valerie K. Sims ◽  
Sidra I. Van de Car
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Perceived Competence

745: Confirmation Bias in Prostate Cancer Grading

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Fandel ◽  
Maria Pfnuer ◽  
Claudia Corinth ◽  
Michael Ansorge ◽  
Sebastian W. Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Cancer Grading

Inquiry Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Wichmann ◽  
Detlev Leutner
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Inquiry Learning ◽  
Instructional Support ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Specific Support ◽  
Science Classes

Seventy-nine students from three science classes conducted simulation-based scientific experiments. They received one of three kinds of instructional support in order to encourage scientific reasoning during inquiry learning: (1) basic inquiry support, (2) advanced inquiry support including explanation prompts, or (3) advanced inquiry support including explanation prompts and regulation prompts. Knowledge test as well as application test results show that students with regulation prompts significantly outperformed students with explanation prompts (knowledge: d = 0.65; application: d = 0.80) and students with basic inquiry support only (knowledge: d = 0.57; application: d = 0.83). The results are in line with a theoretical focus on inquiry learning according to which students need specific support with respect to the regulation of scientific reasoning when developing explanations during experimentation activities.

Nepotism in the Hiring of Leaders

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Darioly ◽  
Ronald E. Riggio
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Hiring Decision ◽  
Job Application ◽  
Career Progress

This study examines how applicants who are relatives of the company’s executives are perceived when they are being considered for a leadership position. In a 2 (Family ties: with vs. without) × 2 (Applicant qualifications: well-qualified vs. underqualified) experimental design, 165 Swiss employees read the applicant’s job application and evaluated the hiring decision, the perceived competence, and the perceived career progress of the target employee. This research showed that even a well-qualified potential employee received a more negative evaluation if the candidate had family ties to the company. Despite their negative evaluation of potential nepotistic hires, the participants nevertheless believed that family ties would boost the career progress of an underqualified applicant. Limitations and implications are discussed.

The Effects of Status on Perceived Warmth and Competence

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
Simona Sacchi ◽  
Federica Castellini ◽  
Paola Riva
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Group Status ◽  
The Relationship

Research has shown that perceived group status positively predicts competence stereotypes but does not positively predict warmth stereotypes. The present study identified circumstances in which group status positively predicts both warmth and competence judgments. Students (N = 86) rated one of two groups (psychologists vs. engineers) presented as either being low or high in social status on warmth and competence. Results showed that status positively predicted competence stereotypes for both groups, but warmth stereotypes only for psychologists, for whom warmth traits are perceived to be functional in goal achievement. Moreover, for psychologists perceived warmth mediated the relationship between status and perceived competence. Results are discussed in terms of the contextual malleability of the relationship between perceived status, warmth, and competence.

The Impact of Alluring Information on Scientific Reasoning

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Rhodes ◽  
Fernando Rodriguez ◽  
Priti Shah
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
The Impact
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