Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Plus Causing Recurrent Myelopathy due to an MT-DN1 Mutation at G3635A

A 51-year-old man with known Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) presented with worsening lower extremity weakness and numbness. Following an episode of myelopathy two years before, he had been ambulating with a walker but over two weeks became wheelchair bound. He also developed a sensory level below the T4 dermatome to light touch, pinprick, and vibration. MRI of his cervical and thoracic spine showed a nonenhancing T2 hyperintense lesion extending from C2 to T12. At his presentation two years earlier, he was found to have a longitudinally extensive myelopathy attributed to his LHON. Genetic testing revealed a 3635 guanine to adenine mutation. MRI at that presentation demonstrated a C1-T10 lesion involving the central and posterior cord but, unlike the new lesion, did not involve the ventral and lateral horns. Given the similarity to his prior presentation and a negative evaluation for alternative etiologies, he was thought to have recurrent myelopathy secondary to Leber’s Plus. To our knowledge, recurrent myelopathy due specifically to the G3635A mutation in Leber’s Plus has not been reported previously.

Foreign Language Anxiety: Translating and Validating a Scale

The purpose of this study was to validate one of the most frequently used tools for assessing anxiety associated with foreign languages. The researcher translated it into Arabic because there was no Arabic literature on such an instrument. To achieve the goal, a committee approach was followed (Brislin, 1980) to ensure the validity of the translation. A sample of 102 students was purposefully selected from International Islamic University Malaysia. The instrument consists of 33 items to measure communication apprehension, test anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was run to validate the instrument; initially, the PCA produced ten-factor solutions, accounting for 71% of the total variance explained. However, the last nine factors had only two or three loadings each, and they had cross-loading as well. Therefore, only one factor was used in the final, which accounted for 51% of the total variance. The researcher took this factor due to its importance for the Arabic literature, which is also in need of a valid instrument to measure communication apprehension. Due to the lack of convergent validity in the other items, the researcher suggests validating the original instrument.

COVID-19 and the Wuhan Diary –how does the overseas Chinese community react to group criticism?

We conduct an online survey to explore how Chinese people living in Germany perceive and react to group criticism in the context of the debate on the Wuhan Diary, a chronicle about life during the lockdown in Wuhan. We find that the majority rating of the book is a lukewarm “neither like nor dislike.” Most participants are open to criticism in principle and do not agree that the book only spreads so-called “negative-energy”. However, many participants were skeptical about the objectivity of the book and concerned about its potential use by so-called anti-China forces, even though the degree of blind patriotism is relatively low in our sample. The factors influencing the book’s evaluation are intriguing: perceived Western sentiment, media exposure and uncritical patriotism all affect COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs, which in turn lead to a more negative evaluation of the book. A cluster analysis reveals two groups which differ in terms of properties like blind patriotism, belief in certain conspiracies, and also demographic parameters. Our results shed light on identity politics, motivated beliefs, and collective narcissism.

Influencing Factors of Intention and Behavior of Patient Delay in Elderly Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: a Descriptive Qualitative Study

Background: Most elderly patients with BPH have experienced patient delay. Based on the TPB, the aim of this study was to describe the influencing factors of BPH patients' intention and behavior of patient delay and to provide a reference for the development of a patient delay intention scale and personalized intervention.Methods: This descriptive qualitative study was carried out 4 months in 2021 in China. The participants were 20 patients with BPH ages 60 to 82 years old who experienced patient delay and were selected through purposive sampling method. The study was performed in a large general hospital and a community hospital. The data were collected via face-to-face semi-structured interviews.Results: The following themes were relevant to BPH patients with intention and behavior of patient delay: “Insufficient cognition of symptoms (low symptom alertness, symptom benign attribution)”, “Experience coping instead of going to a doctor”, “Negative attitude toward seeking medical care (Underestimation of the consequences of delayed medical treatment, Negative evaluation of early medical treatment)”, “The influence of others on decision-making for seeking medical care(People who approve or disapprove of going to a doctor, Do or do not follow the opinions of others)”, “Obstacles to seeking medical care(Factors from the patient, Factors from medical institutions)”Conclusion: The delay was longer in rural areas than in urban areas. BPH patients' intention and behavior of patient delay are the result of a combination of many factors. Therefore, it is recommended to develop a scale to evaluate the patient delay intention for BPH, and provide personalized interventions based on the scale to improve patient delay in elderly BPH patients

The Effectiveness of a School-based Self-injury Prevention Program on Reducing Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion and Fear of Negative Evaluation in Adolescent Girls

Background: Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is a prevalent, harmful, and transdiagnostic behavior that can comprehensively be assessed in daily life studies. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the student self-injury prevention program in mitigating the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortion (ICD) and the fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE). Materials & Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, a one-month follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all female adolescents studying at the middle schools of Rasht City, Iran, in the 2019–2020 academic years. They must have experienced self-injury at least once. The purposive non-random sampling technique was employed to select 34 self-injuring adolescents, who were then randomly assigned to case and control groups. The interpersonal cognitive distortion scale and the brief fear of negative evaluation scale were adopted to collect data. The case group received 16 sessions of self-injury prevention training for students (twice a week), whereas the control group had no training programs. Analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance were then used for data analysis in SPSS v. 25. Results: The results demonstrated the significant effectiveness of the training program in mitigating the ICD (interpersonal rejection: P<0.01; F=21.780, unrealistic relationship expectations: P<0.01; F=51.096, interpersonal misperception: P<0.01; F=20.557), reducing negative meta-emotion, and increasing positive meta-emotion (P<0.05; F=43.591). Conclusion: The student self-injury prevention program effectively reduced the ICD and FNE of female adolescents. Additionally, these two variables have high levels in adolescents struggling with self-injury.

Construction and Validation of Academic Stress Scale for University Students

Present study aimed to construct and validate an instrument to measure the academic stress among university students of Pakistan. Item construction of this instrument was based on literature review, interviews from university students and expert’s opinion. After pilot study exploratory factor analysis was performed on a sample of477 student (226men and 251 women), recruited from different departments of University of Sargodha, Pakistan. 26 items were retained after exploratory factor analysis with three well defined factors(1, Personal, Parental and Teachers’ attitude, 2. Perception of workload and examinations, 3. Concerns about education system and management)Range of Alpha coefficients for scale and its subscales was .72 to .87.Results of Confirmatory factor analysis performed on an independent sample revealed excellent model fit to present data. Three factor structure of Academic stress scale was confirmed by CFA. Convergent validity of Academic Stress Scale was proved by finding its positive correlation with UCLA Loneliness scale, Depression scale and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Excellent reliability and validity evidences proved this scale as a promising measure of academic stress.

Dawna rozkosz – o rozumieniu i wartościowaniu pojęcia na podstawie użyć leksemu rozkosz

The Historical rozkosz (pleasure, delight): On the Understanding and Evaluation of the Concept on the Basis of the Use of the Lexeme rozkosz SummaryThis article is devoted to the reconstruction of the manner of understand­ing and evaluation of the concept rozkosz (pleasure, delight) in the Old, Middle and subsequent periods of the development of the Polish language, until the early twentieth century, when the modern understanding of this concept was established. The analysis focuses on the contextual uses of the lexeme rozkosz and reveals the dichotomous nature of the early concept: from the Old Polish period until the breakthrough of the Enlightenment there was the rozkosz duchowa (spiritual delight), motivated in a religious way and evaluated positively, and the rozkosz cielesna (carnal, sensual pleasure), reduced to sin and burdened with a negative evaluation. From the Renaissance period the concept slowly expanded to cover various spheres of life, and after the break­through period of the Enlightenment it became more marked: rozkosz came to refer to the social, aesthetic and intellectual sphere and it began to lose its religious basis. This process was accompanied by the decline of the evaluation and the dichotomy of the concept. Dawna rozkosz – o rozumieniu i wartościowaniu pojęcia na podstawie użyć leksemu rozkosz StreszczenieArtykuł poświęcony jest rekonstrukcji sposobu pojmowania i wartościo­wania pojęcia rozkosz w dobie staro- i średniopolskiej i później, do początków XX w., kiedy ustaliło się jego współczesne rozumienie. Analiza skupia się na kontekstowych użyciach leksemu rozkosz. Ujawniła ona dychotomiczny charakter dawnego pojęcia – od staropolszczyzny aż do przełomu oświecenio­wego istniała rozkosz duchowa – motywowana religijnie i wartościowana pozytywnie oraz rozkosz cielesna, zmysłowa, sprowadzana do grzechu i obarczona negatywną oceną. Od renesansu pojęcie powoli rozszerzało się na różne sfery życia, co po przełomie oświeceniowym stało się wyraźniej­sze – rozkosz zaczęła dotyczyć sfery społecznej, estetycznej, intelektualnej i traciła umocowanie religijne – wraz z tym procesem zanika wartościowanie i dychotomia pojęcia.

Indonesian High School Learners’ Fear of Negative Evaluation and Ought-to L2 Self

The study aimed to investigate the Indonesian high school science learners’ Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE), which is a second language (L2) anxiety construct, Ought to L2 Self (OL2S), an L2 motivation construct, and the relationship between FNE and OL2S. The study employed a survey method with 190 learners from a private high school participating in it. Based on the descriptive statistics, the learners generally had a moderate level of FNE and OL2S. The FNE analysis showed that they had self-perception of low English competence and were afraid to speak without preparation. In OL2S, the analysis suggested that the learners believed that people around them did not consider their English mastery a priority. Through correlation formula, the study found a positive yet weak correlation between learners’ FNE and their OL2S. It suggested that the higher learners’ FNE, the higher they perceived responsibility to avoid negative outcomes. Besides, the finding also suggested that English instruction could be designed in such a way to attract the interest of learners from non-English language streams to give their best and promote active collaboration to lessen self-comparison among them. The limitations and contributions of the study were also discussed to provide possible directions for future studies.

Terapi kognitif pada permasalahan hubungan sosial

One of the tasks of child development is to establish and build social relationships with friends and their environment. Individuals who have been socially excluded will withdraw by not having relationships with others because of the fear of the negative evaluation feom others. The assessment methods used were interview, observation and psychological tests namely were graphic tests, and the Intelligenz Structure Test (IST). The intervention used to change the subject's negative thoughts to become more positive is cognitive therapy. The cognitive therapy process that was given as many as 6 sessions with the target subject was able to change his negative thoughts into more positive ones. The results of the intervention show that the subject was able to replaces his negative thoughts with positive thoughts which ultimately makes the subject feel no guilt anymore.