Health Status Moderates Age Differences in Perceived Competence and Social Engagement Desirability

ABSTRACTRapid urbanisation in sub-Saharan Africa is believed to have weakened the traditional family ties which sustained older people in the past, but there is little empirical evidence about how older people today perceive their ageing experience in sub-Saharan Africa. The international gerontology literature demonstrates that, apart from financial wellbeing and health status, religious and secular forms of social involvement are key predictors of life satisfaction in older ages. No formal analysis, however, exists on the effects of religious and non-religious social involvement on the subjective wellbeing of older people in sub-Saharan nations. This study sought to fill this gap by examining the relationship between religious identity, religiosity, and secular social engagement using survey data from a sample of 2,524 men and women aged 50 or more years living in informal settlements of Nairobi City. We found significant differences in life satisfaction between Moslems, Catholics and non-Catholic Christians. Secular social support, personal sociability and community participation had positive effects on subjective wellbeing. In this context, we also observed that next to health status, the social involvement of older people was very important for life satisfaction.

Download Full-text

Children’s Self-Perceptions in the Physical Domain: Between- and Within-Age Variability in Level, Accuracy, and Sources of Perceived Competence

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.27.2.226 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 226-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Maureen R. Weiss ◽

Anthony J. Amorose

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Age Differences ◽

Information Sources ◽

Perceived Competence ◽

Physical Domain ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Self Perception ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Self Reports

Both level (high vs. low) and accuracy (discrepancy between perceived and actual) of perceived competence are important contributors to domain-specific emotions and motivational processes. Moreover, age differences in level and accuracy of perceived competence have been explained by the sources of information children use to judge their competence. Thus the purpose of our study was to examine simultaneously the interrelationships among age, actual competence, and level, accuracy, and sources of perceived competence. Children (N = 159) completed self-reports while teachers rated their actual competence at a sport camp. Cluster analysis revealed five profiles of children who varied in age, actual competence, perceived competence, and accuracy of perceived competence. These groups were further distinguished by the importance they placed on competence information sources. Results indicate that age, actual ability, and level, accuracy, and sources of perceived competence should be considered simultaneously in research on self-perception and motivational processes among youth.

Download Full-text

PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF IMPAIRMENTS IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING IN OLDER KOREANS: COMPARISON OF YOUNG-OLD AND OLD-OLD

Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.22374/jomh.v15i3.130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. e1-e10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seonho Kim ◽

Dallong Han ◽

Jongeun Lee

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Status ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Age Differences ◽

Daily Living ◽

Regular Exercise ◽

Perceived Health Status ◽

Young Old

Background and ObjectiveSocietal aging and increasing average life expectancy have led to a significant increase in the population of individuals aged 75 years or above. Hence, it is becoming more meaningful and appropriate for researchers to divide those above the age of 65 years into various subgroups, such as young-old and old-old. Based on this division, we investigated the prevalence and correlates of impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs) among community-dwelling older adults (young-old vs. old-old) in South Korea. Material and MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. We used the data of 4,368 older adults (≥65 years old) from the 2012 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. ADL impairment was assessed using a modified version of the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living. ResultsThe prevalence of ADL impairment was greater in old-old participants (12.7%) than in young-old ones (3.0%). ADL impairment was significantly associated with gender, perceived health status, regular exercise, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms in young-old individuals. By contrast, in old-old individuals, the significant predictors were residential area, socioeconomic status, perceived health status, regular exercise, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms. Among both age subgroups, cognitive function was the strongest predictive factor of ADL impairment. Conclusion We found clear age differences in the prevalence and correlates of ADL impairment in older Koreans. Such age differences should be considered when studying and developing interventions for ADL impairment in older adults.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study of Age Differences of Health Behavior and Health Status among White Color Male Workers. II.

Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology ◽

10.3861/jshhe.57.239 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 239-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fumi TAKEDA

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Age Differences ◽

Male Workers

Download Full-text

Social Engagement and Elderly Health in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16020278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 278 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jin Liu ◽

Scott Rozelle ◽

Qing Xu ◽

Ning Yu ◽

Tianshu Zhou

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Behavior Change ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Elderly Health ◽

The Impact

This study examines the impact of social engagement on elderly health in China. A two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) regression approach was used to examine the causal relationship. Our dataset comprises 9253 people aged 60 or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) conducted in 2011 and 2013. Social engagement significantly improved the self-rated health of the elderly and reduced mental distress, but had no effect on chronic disease status. Compared with the rural areas, social engagement played a more important role in promoting the elderly health status in urban areas. Social engagement could affect the health status of the elderly through health behavior change and access to health resources. To improve the health of the elderly in China and promote healthy aging, the government should not only improve access to effective medical care but also encourage greater social engagement of the elderly.

Download Full-text