Comparative differential rating-A practical method for assessing user preference among design alternatives

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Nash
Keyword(s):  
Practical Method ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Differential Rating

Comparative Differential Rating — A Practical Method for Assessing User Preference among Design Alternatives

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (24) ◽  
pp. 2070-2074
Author(s):  
Eric Nash
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Differential Rating ◽  
Formative Testing

During the early stages of designing user interfaces within the software industry, it is common for several alternatives to emerge before arriving at a final design. Although formative testing can be used to assess user preference among the alternatives, resource constraints imposed by the industry can easily render such testing impractical. This paper introduces comparative differential rating (CDR) as a simple, efficient formative testing method for assessing user preference among design alternatives. Users assign preference ratings to each alternative by making paired comparisons of the alternatives on a differential scale. Alternatives rated lower than the most highly rated alternative are discarded while those remaining are candidates for the final design. Unlike more complex paired comparison methods that use multiple criteria to obtain ratings, such as analytic hierarchy process (AHP), CDR is intended for simple, frequent cases early in the design process where multiple alternatives emerge and user preference is the only criteria of interest in determining the final design. In further contrast to AHP, CDR typically requires fewer comparisons, is measured on an interval scale, and is analyzed using inferential statistics.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

Analysis of athletes’ stadium stress source based on improved layered K-means algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 5905-5914
Author(s):  
Chen Gong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
User Preference ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Pressure Source ◽  
Preference Model ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Analysis System

Most of the research on stressors is in the medical field, and there are few analysis of athletes’ stressors, so it can not provide reference for the analysis of athletes’ stressors. Based on this, this study combines machine learning algorithms to analyze the pressure source of athletes’ stadium. In terms of data collection, it is mainly obtained through questionnaire survey and interview form, and it is used as experimental data after passing the test. In order to improve the performance of the algorithm, this paper combines the known K-Means algorithm with the layering algorithm to form a new improved layered K-Means algorithm. At the same time, this paper analyzes the performance of the improved hierarchical K-Means algorithm through experimental comparison and compares the clustering results. In addition, the analysis system corresponding to the algorithm is constructed based on the actual situation, the algorithm is applied to practice, and the user preference model is constructed. Finally, this article helps athletes find stressors and find ways to reduce stressors through personalized recommendations. The research shows that the algorithm of this study is reliable and has certain practical effects and can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research.

Practical Method for Transient Stability with Unbalanced Condition based on Symmetric Coordinates

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
pp. 550-556
Author(s):  
Shuhei Fujiwara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kono ◽  
Masashi Kitayama ◽  
Tadahiro Goda
Keyword(s):  
Transient Stability ◽  
Practical Method

Total Synthesis of the Antitumor Depsipeptide FE399 and its S-Benzyl Derivative: A Macrolactamization Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Tonoi ◽  
Miyuki Ikeda ◽  
Teruyuki Sato ◽  
Ryo Kawahara ◽  
Takatsugu Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Equilibrium Mixture ◽  
Conformational Isomers ◽  
Single Isomer

<div>An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of (9R,14R,17R)-FE399, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide, was developed. A 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride (MNBA)-mediated dehydration condensation reaction was effectively employed for the formation of the 16-membered macrocyclic depsipeptide moiety of FE399. FE399 was found to exist as an inseparable equilibrium mixture of conformational isomers; the mixture was quantitatively transformed into the corresponding S-benzyl product and isolated as a single isomer. Thus, we could confirm that the molecular structure of FE399 obtained by this method is identical to that of the natural product.</div>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document