Applications of computer technology to problems of human judgment and interpersonal conflict

Developement of computer technology provides much improvements on electron microscopy, such as simulation of images, reconstruction of images and automatic controll of microscopes (auto-focussing and auto-correction of astigmatism) and design of electron microscope lenses by using a finite element method (FEM). In this investigation, procedures for simulating the optical properties of objective lenses of HREM and the characteristics of the new lens for HREM at 200 kV are described.The process for designing the objective lens is divided into three stages. Stage 1 is the process for estimating the optical properties of the lens. Firstly, calculation by FEM is made for simulating the axial magnetic field distributions Bzc of the lens. Secondly, electron ray trajectory is numerically calculated by using Bzc. And lastly, using Bzc and ray trajectory, spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients Cs and Cc are numerically calculated. Above calculations are repeated by changing the shape of lens until! to find an optimum aberration coefficients.

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Computer Usage by Speech-Language Pathologists in Public Schools

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.1904.423 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 423-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gail Ruppert Houle

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Public School ◽

Computer Technology ◽

Computer Usage ◽

Attitudes Toward Computers ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Frequent Users ◽

Service Training

This study investigated factors that influence public school speech-language pathologists' acceptance and/or resistance to computer technology. Significant differences were found between speech-language pathologists who are frequent users of computers in the workplace and those who seldom or never use them. These differences were attributed to differences in attitudes toward computers, available funding for computers, in-service training, and physical facilities.

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Power, Conflict, and Effectiveness

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.5.1.28 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M. Afzalur Rahim ◽

David Antonioni ◽

Krum Krumov ◽

Snejana Ilieva

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Interpersonal Conflict ◽

The United States ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Hierarchical Regression Analysis ◽

Referent Power ◽

Legitimate Power ◽

Power Base ◽

Effectiveness Data

This study investigated the relationships of bases of leader power (coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent) and styles of handling interpersonal conflict (integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, and compromising) to subordinates' effectiveness. Data for this study were collected with questionnaires from the United States and Bulgaria and analyzed with hierarchical regression analysis for each country. Results indicated that in the United States referent power base of supervisors and integrating style of handling conflict of subordinates were positively associated with effectiveness. In Bulgaria, legitimate power base of supervisors was positively associated with effectiveness, but the subordinates' conflict styles were not associated with effectiveness.

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A Multimedia Situational Test With a Constructed-Response Format

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000035 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 78-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Janneke K. Oostrom ◽

Marise Ph. Born ◽

Alec W. Serlie ◽

Henk T. van der Molen

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Ability ◽

Computer Technology ◽

Psychology Students ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Ability Test ◽

Constructed Response ◽

Job Experience ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Situational Test

Advances in computer technology have created opportunities for the development of a multimedia situational test in which responses are filmed with a webcam. This paper examined the relationship of a so-called webcam test with personality, cognitive ability, job experience, and academic performance. Data were collected among 153 psychology students. In line with our expectations, scores on the webcam test, intended to measure interpersonally oriented leadership, were related to extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and job experience. Furthermore, the webcam tests significantly predicted students’ learning activities during group meetings over and above a cognitive ability test and a personality questionnaire. Overall, this study demonstrates that webcam tests can be a valid complement to traditional predictors in selection contexts.

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Haunted by a Doppelgänger

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000221 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bettina von Helversen ◽

Stefan M. Herzog ◽

Jörg Rieskamp

Keyword(s):

Relevant Information ◽

Psychological Research ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Human Judgment ◽

Rule Based ◽

New Employees ◽

High Performing ◽

Facial Similarity ◽

Similarity Effect ◽

Judgment Strategy

Judging other people is a common and important task. Every day professionals make decisions that affect the lives of other people when they diagnose medical conditions, grant parole, or hire new employees. To prevent discrimination, professional standards require that decision makers render accurate and unbiased judgments solely based on relevant information. Facial similarity to previously encountered persons can be a potential source of bias. Psychological research suggests that people only rely on similarity-based judgment strategies if the provided information does not allow them to make accurate rule-based judgments. Our study shows, however, that facial similarity to previously encountered persons influences judgment even in situations in which relevant information is available for making accurate rule-based judgments and where similarity is irrelevant for the task and relying on similarity is detrimental. In two experiments in an employment context we show that applicants who looked similar to high-performing former employees were judged as more suitable than applicants who looked similar to low-performing former employees. This similarity effect was found despite the fact that the participants used the relevant résumé information about the applicants by following a rule-based judgment strategy. These findings suggest that similarity-based and rule-based processes simultaneously underlie human judgment.

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